Question

Температура нагревателя и холодильника идеальной паровой машины соответственно равны 117 градусов Цельсия и 27 градусов Цельсия. Количество теплоты, полученное от нагревателя равно 60 кДж. Найдите КПД машины,количество теплоты, отдаваемое холодильнику.

Answer 1

Qn = 60000
Tn = 117°C = 390 K
Tx = 27°C = 300 K
KKD=(Tn-Tx)/Tn=(390-300)/390=0.23
KKD = 23%
KKD =(Qn-Qx)/Qn
0.23=(Qn-Qx)/Qn Qx = (1-0.23)Qn
Qx = 46153 Дж

Answer 2

Calculation of Efficiency (КПД) and Heat Released to the Refrigerator

To calculate the efficiency (КПД) of the ideal steam engine, we need to know the amount of heat received from the heater and the temperature of the heater and refrigerator.

Given: - Temperature of the heater (Th) = 117 degrees Celsius - Temperature of the refrigerator (Tc) = 27 degrees Celsius - Amount of heat received from the heater (Qh) = 60 kJ

To calculate the efficiency (КПД) of the machine, we can use the formula:

КПД = (Qh - Qc) / Qh

Where: - Qh is the amount of heat received from the heater - Qc is the amount of heat released to the refrigerator

To find the amount of heat released to the refrigerator (Qc), we can use the formula:

Qc = Qh - W

Where: - W is the work done by the machine

In an ideal steam engine, the work done is equal to the difference in heat between the heater and the refrigerator:

W = Qh - Qc

Substituting the value of Qc from the above equation into the efficiency formula, we get:

КПД = (Qh - (Qh - W)) / Qh

Simplifying the equation, we have:

КПД = W / Qh

Now, let's calculate the efficiency (КПД) and the amount of heat released to the refrigerator (Qc).

Calculation:

Given: - Temperature of the heater (Th) = 117 degrees Celsius - Temperature of the refrigerator (Tc) = 27 degrees Celsius - Amount of heat received from the heater (Qh) = 60 kJ

To calculate the efficiency (КПД), we need to find the work done by the machine (W). In an ideal steam engine, the work done is equal to the difference in heat between the heater and the refrigerator:

W = Qh - Qc

To find the amount of heat released to the refrigerator (Qc), we can use the formula:

Qc = Qh - W

Let's calculate the values:

Qc = Qh - W = 60 kJ - (Qh - Qc)

Simplifying the equation:

2Qc = Qh

Qc = Qh / 2

Substituting the given value of Qh:

Qc = 60 kJ / 2 = 30 kJ

Now, we can calculate the efficiency (КПД):

КПД = W / Qh = (Qh - Qc) / Qh = (60 kJ - 30 kJ) / 60 kJ = 30 kJ / 60 kJ = 0.5

Therefore, the efficiency (КПД) of the machine is 0.5, and the amount of heat released to the refrigerator is 30 kJ.

Please note that the calculations provided are based on the information given in the question and may not reflect real-world scenarios.