Question

Одним из главных достоинств планетарной модели атома , сформулированной Э.Резерфордом, было, то, что она 1) объясняла спектральные закономерности 2) имела четкое экспериментальное обоснование 3) объясняла причины радиоактивного распада 4)объясняла закономерности периодической системы элементов

Answer 1

Имела четкое экспериментальное обоснование.

Answer 2

Advantages of Rutherford's Planetary Model of the Atom

One of the main advantages of the planetary model of the atom, formulated by Ernest Rutherford, is that it explained the spectral regularities observed in the emission and absorption of light by atoms This model provided a framework for understanding how electrons occupy specific energy levels and transition between them, leading to the characteristic patterns of spectral lines.

Another advantage of Rutherford's model is that it had clear experimental evidence to support it. Rutherford conducted the famous gold foil experiment, in which he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. The observation that some alpha particles were deflected at large angles suggested the presence of a small, dense, and positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom, surrounded by mostly empty space. This experimental result provided strong support for the planetary model of the atom.

Rutherford's model also explained the causes of radioactive decay. By proposing that the nucleus of an atom contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, Rutherford's model provided a basis for understanding the instability of certain atomic nuclei and the subsequent emission of radiation during radioactive decay.

Furthermore, the planetary model of the atom explained the regularities in the periodic table of elements. By considering the arrangement of electrons in different energy levels around the nucleus, this model provided a basis for understanding the periodic trends in atomic properties such as atomic radius, ionization energy, and electronegativity.

In summary, the advantages of Rutherford's planetary model of the atom include its ability to explain spectral regularities, its strong experimental evidence, its explanation of radioactive decay, and its ability to account for the periodic trends observed in the periodic table of elements.