Question

Метод толстослойных эмульсий принцип действия

Answer 1

Падает частица в сцинсцилляционный счетчик. Там он возбуждает атомы, которые переходят в основное состояние излучая фотоны, затем эти фотоны попадают на фотоэлектронный умножитель (Это такая штука сигнал на выходе которой пропорционален энергии падающего фотона) ну и этот сигнал подаётся на компьютер.

Заряженные частицы, проходя через ядерную фотоэмульсию, воздействуют на зерна бромистого серебра таким образом, что после проявления они образуют ряд черных зерен коллоидного серебра вдоль траектории частиц. Чем выше чувствительность фотоэмульсии и больше ионизация, создаваемая частицей, тем плотнее зерна следа частиц. Благодаря большой тормозной способности, ядерные фотоэмульсии имеют возможность зафиксировать следы частиц с очень большой энергией на сравнительно небольшой пластинке. Это обстоятельство черезвычайно важно для изучения космических лучей и частиц высокой энергии, получаемых на современных ускорителях. 

Answer 2

Method of Thick Emulsions: Principle of Action

The method of thick emulsions is a technique used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. It involves the preparation and stabilization of emulsions with a high viscosity or thickness. The principle of action behind this method lies in the formulation and manipulation of the emulsion components.

Emulsions are colloidal systems consisting of two immiscible liquids, typically oil and water, stabilized by an emulsifying agent. In the case of thick emulsions, additional ingredients are incorporated to increase the viscosity and provide a desired texture or consistency.

The principle of action of the method of thick emulsions can be summarized as follows:

1. Selection of Emulsifying Agents: Emulsifying agents, also known as surfactants, play a crucial role in stabilizing emulsions by reducing the interfacial tension between the oil and water phases. The choice of emulsifying agents depends on the specific application and desired properties of the thick emulsion.

2. Formulation of the Emulsion: The emulsion is formulated by combining the oil and water phases along with the emulsifying agents. Additional ingredients, such as thickeners, stabilizers, and rheology modifiers, are added to increase the viscosity and enhance the stability of the emulsion.

3. Homogenization: The emulsion is subjected to mechanical forces, such as high shear mixing or homogenization, to break down the larger droplets into smaller, more uniform droplets. This process helps in achieving a stable and homogeneous thick emulsion.

4. Thickening Agents: Thickening agents are incorporated into the emulsion to increase its viscosity and provide the desired thickness. These agents can be natural or synthetic polymers, gums, or other substances that have the ability to absorb water and form a gel-like structure.

5. Stabilization: The emulsion is further stabilized by the emulsifying agents and other additives, which prevent the separation of the oil and water phases. These additives may also contribute to the texture, appearance, and sensory properties of the thick emulsion.

By following these steps, the method of thick emulsions allows for the creation of emulsions with a higher viscosity and improved stability. This technique is widely used in the formulation of various products, such as creams, lotions, sauces, and dressings.

Please note that the information provided above is based on search results and general knowledge about the method of thick emulsions. For more specific details and technical information, it is recommended to refer to scientific literature or consult experts in the field.