Question

почему кристальные вищества имеют стабильные физические свойства и характеристики (температуру плавления, коэфицыент линейнова расшырения) а аморфные их не имеют?

Answer 1

Потому что в кристаллических веществах наблюдается молекулярная решетка. Чтобы разрушить эту решетку существует определенная температура плавления и тд.

В атмосферных веществах молекулы движутся хаотично => они не имеют стабильных физических свойств

Answer 2

Why do crystalline substances have stable physical properties and characteristics (such as melting temperature, coefficient of linear expansion), while amorphous substances do not?

Crystalline substances have stable physical properties and characteristics due to their highly ordered and regular atomic or molecular structure. The arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal lattice creates a repeating pattern that extends throughout the entire substance. This regular arrangement gives rise to the stable physical properties observed in crystalline substances.

The key factors contributing to the stable physical properties of crystalline substances are:

1. Regular Atomic or Molecular Structure: Crystalline substances have a well-defined and repetitive arrangement of atoms or molecules in a three-dimensional lattice structure. This regularity allows for predictable interactions between neighboring particles, resulting in stable physical properties.

2. Long-Range Order: The regular arrangement of atoms or molecules in a crystal lattice extends over long distances, ensuring uniformity in the structure and properties of the substance. This long-range order contributes to the stability of physical properties.

3. Fixed Melting Temperature: Crystalline substances have a specific melting temperature at which the regular lattice structure breaks down, and the substance transitions from a solid to a liquid state. This fixed melting temperature is a result of the stable arrangement of particles in the crystal lattice.

4. Coefficient of Linear Expansion: Crystalline substances also exhibit a well-defined coefficient of linear expansion, which determines how much the substance expands or contracts with changes in temperature. The regular arrangement of particles in the crystal lattice allows for predictable expansion or contraction behavior, resulting in a stable coefficient of linear expansion.

On the other hand, amorphous substances lack the long-range order and regular atomic or molecular structure found in crystalline substances. Amorphous substances have a disordered arrangement of particles, which leads to a lack of stable physical properties. The absence of a well-defined lattice structure in amorphous substances makes their physical properties more dependent on factors such as temperature, pressure, and composition.

In summary, the stable physical properties and characteristics of crystalline substances can be attributed to their regular atomic or molecular structure, long-range order, fixed melting temperature, and well-defined coefficient of linear expansion. These factors ensure predictability and consistency in the behavior of crystalline substances. Conversely, amorphous substances lack the regularity and long-range order found in crystalline substances, resulting in less stable physical properties.