Question

. На изготовление цепочки израсходовано 5 г золота. Найти: относительную молекулярную массу золота; молярную массу; количество вещества в данном украшении; число молекул в 5 г золота.12. Объем сосуда, в котором находится углекислый газ, равен 0,002 м3. Плотность газа 2 кг/м3. Найти: молярную массу газа; массу молекулы газа; массу газа в сосуде; число молекул в сосуде.13. Даны 3 моля соляной кислоты. Найти: массу 1 моля кислоты; массу, содержащуюся в 3 молях; число молекул в 3 молях кислоты.14. Кусочек алмаза состоит из 1022 атомов углерода: чему равна молярная масса вещества? определите количество вещества, содержащегося в этом теле; найдите массу тела;какой объем займут эти атомы, если плотность алмаза равна 3500 кг/м3?15. Оцените радиус атома меди, приняв, что в меди, находящейся в твердом состоянии, атомы располагаются вплотную друг к другу.

Answer 1

13.
n(NCI)=3 моль;
m(HCI)=109,5 моль;
m(1 моль HCI)=36,5 г;
N=18,06*10 в 23-ей степени

Answer 2

Calculations for Gold Chain:

To find the relative molecular mass of gold, we can use the atomic mass of gold from the periodic table. The atomic mass of gold is 196.97 g/mol.

The molar mass of gold can be calculated by adding up the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. For gold, this is 196.97 g/mol.

To find the amount of substance in the gold used for the chain, we can use the formula:

\[ \text{Amount of substance} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}} \]

For 5 g of gold, the amount of substance can be calculated as:

\[ \text{Amount of substance} = \frac{5 \text{ g}}{196.97 \text{ g/mol}} = 0.0254 \text{ mol} \]

The number of molecules in 5 g of gold can be calculated using Avogadro's number, which is approximately \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) molecules per mole. Therefore, the number of molecules in 5 g of gold is:

\[ \text{Number of molecules} = \text{Amount of substance} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} = 0.0254 \text{ mol} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} = 1.53 \times 10^{22} \text{ molecules} \]

Calculations for Carbon Dioxide Gas:

The molar mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. The atomic mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of oxygen is 16.00 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of CO2 is:

\[ 12.01 \text{ g/mol} + (2 \times 16.00 \text{ g/mol}) = 44.01 \text{ g/mol} \]

The mass of a single molecule of CO2 can be calculated using its molar mass and Avogadro's number:

\[ \text{Mass of molecule} = \frac{\text{Molar mass}}{6.022 \times 10^{23}} = \frac{44.01 \text{ g/mol}}{6.022 \times 10^{23}} = 7.31 \times 10^{-26} \text{ kg} \]

To find the mass of CO2 in the vessel, we can use the formula:

\[ \text{Mass} = \text{Volume} \times \text{Density} \]

Substituting the given values, we get:

\[ \text{Mass} = 0.002 \text{ m}^3 \times 2 \text{ kg/m}^3 = 0.004 \text{ kg} \]

The number of molecules in the vessel can be calculated using the amount of substance formula:

\[ \text{Amount of substance} = \frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Molar mass}} = \frac{0.004 \text{ kg}}{44.01 \text{ g/mol}} = 9.09 \times 10^{-5} \text{ mol} \]

\[ \text{Number of molecules} = \text{Amount of substance} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} = 9.09 \times 10^{-5} \text{ mol} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} = 5.47 \times 10^{19} \text{ molecules} \]

Calculations for Hydrochloric Acid:

The molar mass of hydrochloric acid (HCl) can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of its constituent atoms. The atomic mass of hydrogen is approximately 1.01 g/mol, and the atomic mass of chlorine is approximately 35.45 g/mol. Therefore, the molar mass of HCl is:

\[ 1.01 \text{ g/mol} + 35.45 \text{ g/mol} = 36.46 \text{ g/mol} \]

The mass of 1 mole of hydrochloric acid is 36.46 g.

For 3 moles of hydrochloric acid, the mass can be calculated as:

\[ \text{Mass} = 3 \text{ moles} \times 36.46 \text{ g/mol} = 109.38 \text{ g} \]

The number of molecules in 3 moles of hydrochloric acid can be calculated using Avogadro's number:

\[ \text{Number of molecules} = 3 \text{ moles} \times 6.022 \times 10^{23} = 1.81 \times 10^{24} \text{ molecules