Question

Обьясните суть химических реакции с точки зрения атомно молекулярногоучения

Answer 1

Физ. и хим. явления получают объяснение с позиций атомно-молекулярного учения. Так, например, процесс диффузии объясняется способность молекул (атомов, частиц) одного вещества проникать между молекулами другого вещества. Это происходит потому, что молекулы (атомы, частицы) находятся в непрерывном движении и между ними имеются промежутки. Сущность химических реакций заключается в разрушении химических связей между атомами одних веществ и в перегруппировке атомов с образованием других веществ.

Answer 2

The Essence of Chemical Reactions from the Perspective of Atomic-Molecular Theory

Chemical reactions are fundamental processes that involve the transformation of substances into new substances with different properties. From the perspective of atomic-molecular theory, chemical reactions can be explained by the rearrangement of atoms and molecules.

Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter, and molecules are formed when two or more atoms chemically combine. In a chemical reaction, the bonds between atoms in the reactant molecules are broken, and new bonds are formed to create the products.

Reactants and Products

Chemical reactions involve reactants and products. Reactants are the substances that undergo a chemical change, while products are the new substances formed as a result of the reaction. The reactants and products can be represented using chemical equations.

For example, the reaction between hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H2O) can be represented as:

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

In this reaction, the hydrogen molecules (H2) and oxygen molecules (O2) are the reactants, and water molecules (H2O) are the products.

Conservation of Mass

One of the fundamental principles in chemistry is the law of conservation of mass, which states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. This means that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products.

According to atomic-molecular theory, the law of conservation of mass can be explained by the fact that atoms are neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction. Instead, they are rearranged to form new substances.

Chemical Bonds and Energy Changes

Chemical reactions involve the breaking and formation of chemical bonds. Chemical bonds are the forces that hold atoms together in molecules. When bonds are broken, energy is absorbed, and when new bonds are formed, energy is released.

The energy changes in a chemical reaction can be classified as either endothermic or exothermic. In an endothermic reaction, energy is absorbed from the surroundings, resulting in a decrease in temperature. In an exothermic reaction, energy is released to the surroundings, resulting in an increase in temperature.

Reaction Rates and Catalysts

The reaction rate is a measure of how quickly a chemical reaction takes place. Several factors can influence the rate of a reaction, including temperature, concentration of reactants, surface area, and the presence of a catalyst.

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy, which allows the reaction to occur more easily.

Conclusion

In summary, chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms and molecules, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. From the perspective of atomic-molecular theory, chemical reactions can be explained by the breaking and formation of chemical bonds. The law of conservation of mass ensures that mass is conserved during a chemical reaction. Energy changes occur as bonds are broken and formed, and reaction rates can be influenced by various factors, including temperature, concentration, and the presence of a catalyst.