Question

Опишите механизм ударной ионизации ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Столкновительная (ударная) ионизация. Важнейшим механизмом И. в газах и плазме является И. при столкновении (ударе) свободного электрона с невозбуждёнными или возбуждёнными атомами или молекулами. Для отрыва электрона из атома, находящегося в осн. состоянии, требуется затратить энергию ионизации, равную энергии связи.

Answer 2

Ответ:

Уда́рная иониза́ция — физическая модель, описывающая ионизацию атома при «ударе о него» электрона или другой заряженной частицы — например, позитрона, иона или «дырки». Явление может наблюдаться как в газах, так и в твёрдых телах (в частности, в полупроводниках).

Answer 3

Mechanism of Impact Ionization

The mechanism of impact ionization refers to the process by which an atom or molecule is ionized when it collides with another atom or molecule with sufficient energy. This collision can result in the ejection of one or more electrons from the atom or molecule, leading to the formation of ions.

The specific details of the impact ionization process can vary depending on the nature of the collision and the properties of the atoms or molecules involved. However, in general, the process involves the transfer of energy from the incident particle to the target particle, which can result in the ionization of the target particle.

The energy required for impact ionization depends on various factors, including the ionization potential of the target particle and the kinetic energy of the incident particle. If the kinetic energy of the incident particle is greater than the ionization potential of the target particle, ionization can occur.

In the case of ions, such as Na+ and Li++, impact ionization can occur when they collide with other atoms or molecules. The collision transfers sufficient energy to the target atom or molecule, causing it to lose one or more electrons and become ionized.

It is important to note that the process of impact ionization is not limited to ions. It can also occur with neutral atoms or molecules. For example, in the case of gases, such as helium (He), impact ionization can occur when high-energy electrons collide with helium atoms, resulting in the ejection of additional electrons and the formation of He++ ions.

The mechanism of impact ionization has applications in various fields, including physics, chemistry, and electronics. It plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of particles and the formation of ions in different environments.