Question

Двигатель внутреннего сгорания. объясните его устройства и действия

Answer 1

В двигателе есть несколько поршней в которых происходит действие...
В поршне есть 2 клапана(Один сверху, один снизу). Один на вход бензина, второй на выход газа.
Сначала поршень отодвигается и делает в ёмкости больше места, после туда запускается(запрыскивается) бензин после чего клапан закрывается.
Подается искра и открывается второй клапан. Псле этого поршень начинает создавать в ёмкости давление чтобы вытолкнуть газ.
А потом все повторяется.

Answer 2

The Internal Combustion Engine: Structure and Operation

The internal combustion engine is a type of engine that generates power by burning fuel within a confined space. It is commonly used in automobiles, motorcycles, and other vehicles. Let's explore the structure and operation of the internal combustion engine in more detail.

Structure of the Internal Combustion Engine

The internal combustion engine consists of several key components that work together to convert fuel into mechanical energy. These components include:

1. Cylinder: The cylinder is a cylindrical chamber where the combustion process takes place. It is typically made of metal and is sealed at one end.

2. Piston: The piston is a cylindrical component that moves up and down inside the cylinder. It is connected to the crankshaft and converts the pressure generated by the combustion process into rotational motion.

3. Crankshaft: The crankshaft is a shaft with offset crank throws that convert the up-and-down motion of the piston into rotational motion. It is connected to the piston via a connecting rod.

4. Valves: The engine has intake and exhaust valves that control the flow of air and fuel into the cylinder and the expulsion of exhaust gases. These valves open and close at specific times during the engine's operation.

5. Spark Plug: The spark plug is responsible for igniting the air-fuel mixture inside the cylinder. It produces an electric spark that ignites the compressed mixture, initiating the combustion process.

6. Fuel System: The fuel system delivers fuel to the engine. It includes components such as the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel injectors (in modern engines), and carburetor (in older engines).

7. Cooling System: The cooling system prevents the engine from overheating. It typically includes a radiator, coolant, water pump, and thermostat.

Operation of the Internal Combustion Engine

The operation of the internal combustion engine can be summarized in four strokes: intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust. This process is commonly known as the four-stroke cycle or Otto cycle. Here's a step-by-step explanation of each stroke:

1. Intake Stroke: During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward, creating a vacuum in the cylinder. The intake valve opens, allowing a mixture of air and fuel to enter the cylinder. The piston reaches its lowest position at the end of this stroke.

2. Compression Stroke: In the compression stroke, the piston moves upward, compressing the air-fuel mixture. Both the intake and exhaust valves are closed during this stroke. The compression increases the pressure and temperature of the mixture, preparing it for combustion.

3. Combustion Stroke: At the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug ignites the compressed air-fuel mixture. The combustion of the fuel creates a rapid expansion of gases, forcing the piston back down. This downward motion is what generates power in the engine.

4. Exhaust Stroke: In the exhaust stroke, the piston moves upward again, expelling the burned gases from the cylinder. The exhaust valve opens, allowing the gases to exit the cylinder and enter the exhaust system. The piston reaches its highest position at the end of this stroke.

After the exhaust stroke, the cycle repeats, starting again with the intake stroke. This continuous process of intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust allows the engine to generate power and produce rotational motion.

Conclusion

The internal combustion engine is a complex machine that converts fuel into mechanical energy. Its structure includes components such as the cylinder, piston, crankshaft, valves, spark plug, fuel system, and cooling system. The engine operates through a four-stroke cycle, consisting of intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust strokes. This cycle repeats continuously, allowing the engine to generate power and propel vehicles.