Question

с неподвижной лодкой массой 200 кг на берег со скоростью 5 м/с прыгнул рыбак, масса которого 75 кг. Какую скорость приобрела лодка?

Answer 1

Calculation of the Boat's Velocity

To calculate the velocity acquired by the boat when the fisherman jumps onto the shore, we can use the principle of conservation of momentum. According to this principle, the total momentum before the jump is equal to the total momentum after the jump.

The momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity. Let's denote the mass of the boat as m1 (200 kg) and the mass of the fisherman as m2 (75 kg). The initial velocity of the boat is v1 (5 m/s), and we need to find the final velocity of the boat, denoted as v1'.

Using the conservation of momentum equation, we have:

m1 * v1 = (m1 + m2) * v1'

Substituting the given values:

200 kg * 5 m/s = (200 kg + 75 kg) * v1'

Simplifying the equation:

1000 kg m/s = 275 kg * v1'

Solving for v1':

v1' = 1000 kg m/s / 275 kg ≈ 3.64 m/s

Therefore, the boat acquires a velocity of approximately 3.64 m/s after the fisherman jumps onto the shore.