Question

Для чего в электродвигателе нужен коллектор

Answer 1

Коллектор в электрических машинах выполняет роль выпрямителя переменного тока в постоянный (в генераторах) и роль автоматического переключателя направления тока во вращающихся проводниках якоря (в двигателях).




Смотря в каком двигателе.
Если в двигателе внутреннего сгорания - для подачи горючей смеси и отвода отработанных газов.
Если вэлектрическом - для подключения именно той обмотки якоря, которая в этот момент будет работать в нужной полярности.

По-моему так.

Answer 2

The Purpose of a Commutator in an Electric Motor

The commutator is an essential component of an electric motor. Its primary function is to enable the flow of electrical current to the motor's armature windings, which in turn generates the magnetic field necessary for the motor's operation. The commutator consists of a set of copper segments or bars that are insulated from each other and mounted on the motor's rotor. These segments are connected to the armature windings.

When the motor is powered, the commutator rotates along with the rotor. As the commutator spins, it makes contact with stationary carbon brushes that are in electrical contact with the power source. This contact allows the electrical current to flow from the power source to the armature windings through the commutator and brushes.

The commutator's design ensures that the direction of the current flowing through the armature windings changes periodically. This reversal of current direction is crucial for the motor's operation, as it creates a rotating magnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnets or field windings to produce the motor's rotational motion.

In summary, the commutator in an electric motor serves the following purposes:

1. Enables the flow of electrical current to the armature windings: The commutator provides a connection between the power source and the armature windings, allowing the current to flow and generate the necessary magnetic field.

2. Reverses the direction of current flow: By periodically reversing the direction of the current flowing through the armature windings, the commutator creates a rotating magnetic field that drives the motor's rotation.

It's important to note that while the commutator is a crucial component in certain types of electric motors, such as brushed DC motors, it is not present in all types of electric motors. For example, brushless DC motors and AC induction motors do not require a commutator for their operation.