Question

Из пушки массой m1=800кг стреляют в горизонтальном направлении. Какова скорость отдачи пушки, если ядро массой m2=1кг вылетело со скоростью 400м/с? От чего зависит скорость отдачи орудия?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

Дано:

m₁ = 800 кг

m₂ = 1 кг

V₂ = 400 м/с

___________

V₁ - ?

По закону сохранения импульса:

m₁·V₁  = m₂·V₂

Отсюда:

V₁ = m₂·V₂ / m₁          (1)

V₁ = 1·400 / 800 = 0,5 м/с

Из формулы (1) следует:

Скорость отдачи зависит:

1) От скорости снаряда. Чем скорость снаряда больше, тем и больше скорость пушки.

2) От массы снаряда.   Чем масса снаряда больше, тем и больше скорость отдачи.

3) От массы самой пушки. Чем массивнее пушка - тем меньше скорость отдачи.

Answer 2

Calculation of Recoil Velocity

To calculate the recoil velocity of the cannon, we can use the principle of conservation of momentum. According to this principle, the total momentum before the firing of the cannon is equal to the total momentum after the firing.

The momentum of an object is given by the product of its mass and velocity. In this case, the momentum before firing is zero because the cannon is initially at rest. After firing, the momentum of the cannon and the projectile must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

Let's denote the recoil velocity of the cannon as v1 and the velocity of the projectile as v2. The mass of the cannon is m1 (800 kg) and the mass of the projectile is m2 (1 kg). The velocity of the projectile is given as 400 m/s.

Using the conservation of momentum, we can write the equation:

m1 * v1 = -m2 * v2

Substituting the given values:

800 kg * v1 = -1 kg * 400 m/s

Solving for v1, we find:

v1 = (-1 kg * 400 m/s) / 800 kg

Calculating the value, we get:

v1 = -0.5 m/s

Therefore, the recoil velocity of the cannon is 0.5 m/s in the opposite direction to the projectile.

Factors Affecting Recoil Velocity

The recoil velocity of a cannon depends on several factors, including:

1. Mass of the projectile: A heavier projectile will result in a higher recoil velocity because the momentum of the system must be conserved.

2. Mass of the cannon: A lighter cannon will experience a higher recoil velocity for the same projectile mass and velocity.

3. Velocity of the projectile: A higher velocity of the projectile will result in a higher recoil velocity for the cannon.

4. Efficiency of the cannon: The efficiency of the cannon, including factors such as the design and construction, can affect the recoil velocity. A more efficient cannon may have mechanisms to reduce recoil or redirect the energy.

5. Friction and external forces: Friction between the cannon and the ground, as well as external forces acting on the cannon, can affect the recoil velocity. These forces can either increase or decrease the recoil velocity depending on their direction and magnitude.

It's important to note that the recoil velocity is a result of the conservation of momentum and the interaction between the cannon and the projectile. The specific values and characteristics of the cannon and projectile will determine the exact recoil velocity in a given scenario.