Question

как температура вещества связана со средней скоростью молекул и их массой

Answer 1

Прямо пропорционально

Answer 2

Relationship between temperature, molecular motion, and mass

The temperature of a substance is directly related to the average kinetic energy of its molecules, which depends on both the mass of the molecules and their average speed. Specifically:

- Higher temperature means molecules have higher average kinetic energy The kinetic energy of a molecule is determined by its mass and speed according to the formula `KE = 1/2 mv^2`, where `m` is the mass of the molecule and `v` is its speed.

- Heavier molecules at the same temperature as lighter molecules will have lower average speeds. This is because the molecules all have approximately equal average kinetic energies at a given temperature. So for heavier molecules to have the same kinetic energy as lighter ones, they must move more slowly on average

- Conversely, lighter molecules at the same temperature will have higher average speeds than heavier molecules. To summarize:

Higher temperature -> Higher average molecular kinetic energy -> Higher average molecular speed (for a given molecular mass) or lower average speed (for higher molecular mass at the same temperature)

The relationship between temperature, molecular motion, and mass forms the basis for understanding gas behavior and phase transitions. It also explains why different substances boil or freeze at different temperatures.