Question

Легкая незаряженная станиолевая гильза подвешенная на изолирующей нити притянулась к отрицательно заряженной палочке и тут же оттолкнулась от неё.почему? как будет протекать опыт при преподнесении к гильзе положительно заряженной палочки?

Answer 1

После того как гильза коснётся палочки часть электронов с палочки перейдёт на гильзу.  И гильза, и палочка станут отрицательно заряжены, а одноимённо заряженные тела отталкиваются.
Если сразу поднести положительно заряженную палочку, то гильза притянется  к палочке, т.к. заряды разноимённые.

Answer 2

Interaction with a Negatively Charged Rod

When a lightweight, uncharged aluminum foil sleeve is suspended on an insulating thread and brought close to a negatively charged rod, it will be attracted to the rod and then immediately repelled. This phenomenon can be explained by the principles of electrostatics.

The negatively charged rod induces a temporary separation of charges in the aluminum foil sleeve. The negatively charged rod repels the electrons in the aluminum foil, causing them to move away from the rod and towards the opposite end of the sleeve. This creates a temporary positive charge at the end of the sleeve closest to the rod and a negative charge at the opposite end.

The repulsion occurs because like charges repel each other. The negative charges on the rod and the negative charges induced in the aluminum foil sleeve repel each other, causing the sleeve to move away from the rod.

Interaction with a Positively Charged Rod

If a positively charged rod is brought close to the aluminum foil sleeve, the interaction will be different. The positively charged rod will attract the negative charges in the aluminum foil sleeve, causing the electrons to move towards the end of the sleeve closest to the rod. This creates a temporary negative charge at the end of the sleeve closest to the rod and a positive charge at the opposite end.

As a result, the positively charged rod will attract the negatively charged end of the aluminum foil sleeve, causing it to move towards the rod.

Conclusion

In summary, when a lightweight, uncharged aluminum foil sleeve is suspended on an insulating thread and brought close to a negatively charged rod, it will be attracted to the rod and then immediately repelled due to the repulsion between like charges. On the other hand, if a positively charged rod is brought close to the aluminum foil sleeve, it will be attracted to the rod due to the attraction between opposite charges.

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