Question

Внутренняя энергия. первый закон термоденамики.применения первого закона термодинамики к изопроцессам.адиабатный процесс

Answer 1

Первый закон термодинамики - это закон сохранения и превращения энергии,который гласит: энергия в природе не возникает и не исчезает, количество энергии неизменно, она только переходит из одной формы в другую.
1.изохорный процесс: V=const,deltaU=Q, A=0
2.изотермический процесс: T=const,deltaU=const,Q=A
3.изобарный процесс: p=const, Q=A+deltaU
4.адиабатный процесс: Q=0,deltaU=A

Answer 2

Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics

Internal Energy: The internal energy of a system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of its particles. It includes the energy associated with the motion and position of the particles within the system. Changes in internal energy can occur through heat transfer and work done on or by the system.

First Law of Thermodynamics: The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that the total energy of an isolated system is constant. In other words, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can change forms. The first law is often expressed as ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.

Applications of the First Law to Isoprocesses: Isoprocesses are thermodynamic processes that occur at constant pressure, volume, or temperature. When applying the first law of thermodynamics to isoprocesses, the change in internal energy (ΔU) is related to the heat added to the system (Q) and the work done by the system (W). For example, in an isobaric process (constant pressure), the first law can be expressed as ΔU = Q - W, where Q is the heat added at constant pressure and W is the work done by the system at constant pressure.

Adiabatic Process: An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which there is no heat transfer into or out of the system. In an adiabatic process, the first law of thermodynamics simplifies to ΔU = -W, where the change in internal energy is solely due to the work done on or by the system. Adiabatic processes are often associated with rapid changes, such as the expansion or compression of gases without heat exchange with the surroundings.

In summary, the first law of thermodynamics governs the conservation of energy in a system, and its applications to isoprocesses and adiabatic processes provide insights into the relationship between heat, work, and changes in internal energy.

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