Question

2. Наведи якомога більше прикладів броунівського руху, дифузії та осмосу в природі й техніці даю 80 баллов​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Рух пилкових зерен на нерухомій воді

Рух пилових частинок у приміщенні (хоча в значній мірі під впливом потоків повітря)

Дифузія забруднюючих речовин у повітрі

Дифузія кальцію через кістки

Рух "дірок" електричного заряду в напівпровідниках

Answer 2

Brownian Motion Examples:

1. Brownian motion is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid due to their collisions with the fluid molecules. It can be observed in various natural and technological systems. One example is the movement of pollen grains on the surface of water. The random motion of the water molecules causes the pollen grains to move in a zigzag pattern [[1]]. 2. Another example of Brownian motion is the movement of smoke particles in the air. The smoke particles are constantly bombarded by air molecules, causing them to move in a random manner [[2]]. 3. Brownian motion is also observed in the movement of molecules in a gas. The random motion of gas molecules leads to diffusion, which is the spreading out of gas molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This process is important in various natural and technological processes, such as the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere [[3]].

Diffusion Examples:

1. Diffusion is the process by which particles spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It is a fundamental process in nature and can be observed in various contexts. One example is the diffusion of perfume in a room. When perfume is sprayed, the perfume molecules spread out and mix with the air, eventually reaching all parts of the room [[4]]. 2. Another example of diffusion is the movement of ions in a solution. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, the solute particles move randomly and spread out, leading to the uniform distribution of the solute throughout the solution [[5]]. 3. Diffusion is also important in biological systems. For instance, oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules diffuse across the alveoli in the lungs, allowing for the exchange of gases between the lungs and the bloodstream [[6]].

Osmosis Examples:

1. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane. It plays a crucial role in various biological processes. One example is the movement of water across cell membranes. In plant cells, osmosis is responsible for the movement of water into the cells, helping to maintain cell turgidity and support plant structure [[7]]. 2. Osmosis is also important in the human body. For instance, in the kidneys, osmosis is involved in the reabsorption of water from the filtrate, helping to concentrate urine and regulate water balance in the body [[8]]. 3. Osmosis is utilized in various technological applications as well. One example is reverse osmosis, a process used to desalinate seawater and purify drinking water. In reverse osmosis, pressure is applied to force water molecules through a semipermeable membrane, leaving behind salts and impurities [[9]].

I hope these examples provide a detailed understanding of Brownian motion, diffusion, and osmosis in nature and technology.