Question

СРОЧНО!!Опишите строение атома и ядра Менделеев й

Answer 1

1) ядро: протонов 101 нейтронов 257-101=156
2) Вокруг ядра вращаются 101 электронов.

Answer 2

Structure of an Atom

An atom is the basic unit of matter. It consists of three main components: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom, while the electrons orbit around the nucleus in energy levels or shells.

Nucleus: The nucleus is the central part of an atom and contains protons and neutrons. Protons have a positive charge, while neutrons have no charge (neutral). The number of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number of the atom, which defines its chemical element. The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called the mass number.

Electrons: Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. The electrons occupy these energy levels based on their energy and distance from the nucleus. The innermost shell can hold a maximum of 2 electrons, while the second and third shells can hold up to 8 electrons each. The outermost shell is called the valence shell and determines the atom's chemical properties.

Atomic Number: The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. It is represented by the symbol "Z" and is unique to each element. For example, hydrogen has an atomic number of 1, meaning it has one proton in its nucleus.

Mass Number: The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. It is represented by the symbol "A". For example, carbon-12 has a mass number of 12, indicating it has 6 protons and 6 neutrons in its nucleus.

Isotopes: Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei. This means they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. For example, carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with 6 and 8 neutrons respectively.

Electron Configuration: The electron configuration of an atom describes the arrangement of electrons in its energy levels or shells. It follows a specific pattern based on the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule. The electron configuration determines the chemical behavior and reactivity of an atom.

Valence Electrons: Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level or shell of an atom. They are involved in chemical bonding and determine the atom's ability to form chemical compounds. The number of valence electrons influences an atom's chemical properties and its position in the periodic table.