Question

Почему старинные пушки при выстреле откатывались назад? Какая сила используется?

Answer 1

Закон сохранения импульса.
p1+p2=p3+p4(всё с векторами)
скорость пушки изнально =0
p2=p3+p4

Answer 2

Why do antique cannons recoil backward when fired? What force is used?

Antique cannons recoil backward when fired due to the principle of conservation of momentum. When a cannon is fired, the explosion of gunpowder inside the barrel creates a high-pressure gas that propels the cannonball forward. According to Newton's third law of motion, for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. As the cannonball is propelled forward, an equal and opposite force is exerted on the cannon itself, causing it to recoil backward.

The force that is used to propel the cannonball forward is generated by the expanding gases from the explosion of gunpowder. The gunpowder contains a mixture of chemicals that, when ignited, rapidly burn and produce a large volume of gas. This gas expands within the confined space of the cannon barrel, creating a high-pressure environment. The pressure exerted by the expanding gas pushes against the base of the cannonball, propelling it forward with a significant amount of force.

The recoil force experienced by the cannon is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted on the cannonball. This recoil force causes the cannon to move backward, away from the direction of the fired projectile. The recoil force can be quite powerful, especially in larger cannons, and it is important to secure the cannon to prevent it from moving or tipping over during firing.