Question

3. Спираючись на знання про будову атома, поясни, чому він є електрично нейтральною частинкою.​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Заряд електронів дорівнює позетивному заряду ядра атома.

Answer 2

The Electrically Neutral Atom

An atom is considered to be an electrically neutral particle because it has an equal number of positively charged protons in its nucleus and negatively charged electrons surrounding the nucleus. The positive charge of the protons is balanced by the negative charge of the electrons, resulting in a net charge of zero for the atom as a whole.

The nucleus of an atom contains protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge. The electrons, on the other hand, orbit around the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells. The number of protons in an atom determines its atomic number and the element it belongs to, while the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom.

The attraction between the positively charged protons in the nucleus and the negatively charged electrons keeps the electrons in orbit around the nucleus. This electrostatic force of attraction is balanced by the centrifugal force of the electrons' motion, resulting in a stable, electrically neutral atom.

It's important to note that while individual atoms are electrically neutral, compounds and molecules can have a net charge if they gain or lose electrons. This is because the number of electrons no longer matches the number of protons, resulting in an overall positive or negative charge.