Question

Как движутся молекулы атомов газа в жидкостях твёрдых телах ​

Answer 1

Молекулы среды (то есть молекулы газа или жидкости) движутся хаотично, поэтому их удары приводят броуновскую частицу в беспорядочное движение: броуновская частица быстро меняет свою скорость по направлению и по величине.

Answer 2

Movement of Molecules in Gases

In gases, molecules move freely and randomly in all directions. They have high kinetic energy and are not bound to each other. The movement of gas molecules is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and volume. The kinetic theory of gases describes the behavior of gas molecules and their movement.

Gas molecules move in straight lines until they collide with other molecules or the walls of the container. These collisions cause changes in direction and speed. The average speed of gas molecules is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. As the temperature increases, the average speed of the gas molecules also increases.

The movement of gas molecules can be described using the concept of diffusion. Diffusion is the process by which gas molecules spread out and mix with each other. It occurs due to the random motion of gas molecules. The rate of diffusion is influenced by factors such as the size of the molecules and the temperature of the gas.

Movement of Molecules in Liquids

In liquids, molecules are closely packed together and are in constant motion. Unlike gas molecules, liquid molecules are attracted to each other through intermolecular forces. These forces allow liquids to maintain a definite volume but not a definite shape.

The movement of liquid molecules is characterized by a combination of translational motion (movement from one place to another), rotational motion (spinning around an axis), and vibrational motion (vibrating in place). The movement of liquid molecules is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of solutes.

In liquids, molecules move more slowly compared to gases due to the stronger intermolecular forces. However, they still have enough kinetic energy to move past each other and flow. This is why liquids can be poured and take the shape of their container.

Movement of Molecules in Solids

In solids, molecules are tightly packed together and vibrate around fixed positions. The movement