Question

Железная скамейка в мороз всегда кажется холоднее на ощупь, чем деревянный стул. Почему тела, обладающие одинаковой температурой, на ощупь кажутся холоднее или горячее друг друга?

Answer 1

Поскольку металл обладает более высокой теплопроводностью, чем дерево, то в мороз он быстрее забирает тепло от человека, из-за чего кажется холоднее на ощупь. По этой же причине в жару металл будет казаться горячее дерева - тепловая энергия быстрее устремится к менее нагретому телу (руке человека), чтобы установился тепловой баланс.

Answer 2

Why does an iron bench feel colder to the touch than a wooden chair, even if they have the same temperature?

The perception of temperature when touching different objects can be influenced by several factors, including thermal conductivity and heat capacity.

Thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a material to conduct heat. Materials with higher thermal conductivity transfer heat more efficiently than those with lower thermal conductivity. In the case of the iron bench and wooden chair, iron has a higher thermal conductivity compared to wood. This means that when you touch the iron bench, it quickly conducts heat away from your body, giving you the sensation of coldness. On the other hand, wood has a lower thermal conductivity, so it conducts heat away from your body at a slower rate, resulting in a less pronounced sensation of coldness.

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance. Different materials have different heat capacities, which can affect how they feel when touched. Iron has a higher heat capacity compared to wood, meaning it can absorb more heat energy before its temperature increases. When you touch the iron bench, it absorbs heat from your body more effectively, making it feel colder to the touch. In contrast, the wooden chair absorbs less heat energy from your body, resulting in a less pronounced sensation of coldness.

It's important to note that the perception of temperature is subjective and can be influenced by individual factors such as sensitivity to cold or personal preferences. Additionally, environmental factors such as air temperature and humidity can also affect the perception of temperature when touching different objects.

In summary, the iron bench feels colder to the touch than the wooden chair, even if they have the same temperature, due to the higher thermal conductivity and heat capacity of iron compared to wood.