Question

Что такое perpetuum mobile? реально ли его существование? почему?

Answer 1

С латинского "Perpetuum Mobile" переводится как "Вечный двигатель". Считается, что с помощью него можно получать бо́льшее количество полезной работы, чем количество сообщённой ему энергии.

Такого механизма никто построить так и не смог, хотя попытки изобрести его предпринимались.
Бесплодность этих попыток привела к твердому убеждению в невозможности вечного двигателя и к установлению закона сохранения энергии - фундаментального утверждения современной науки.

Answer 2

Perpetuum Mobile: Definition and Existence

Perpetuum mobile is a Latin term that translates to "perpetual motion" in English. It refers to a hypothetical machine that can operate indefinitely without an external source of energy. The concept of a perpetuum mobile has fascinated scientists, engineers, and inventors for centuries.

However, it is important to note that a perpetuum mobile violates the fundamental laws of physics, specifically the laws of thermodynamics. The laws of thermodynamics state that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another, and that there will always be some energy loss in any energy conversion process.

The first and second laws of thermodynamics, in particular, make it impossible to create a perpetuum mobile. The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant. The second law, known as the law of entropy, states that the entropy of a closed system tends to increase over time, leading to energy dissipation and loss.

Therefore, the existence of a perpetuum mobile is considered impossible within the framework of our current understanding of physics. Numerous attempts have been made throughout history to create such a machine, but none have been successful in achieving perpetual motion without an external energy source.

Reasons for the Impossibility of Perpetuum Mobile

There are several reasons why a perpetuum mobile is considered impossible:

1. Energy Conservation: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. A perpetuum mobile would violate this law by creating energy from nothing.

2. Entropy and Energy Loss: The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system tends to increase over time. This leads to energy dissipation and loss in any energy conversion process. A perpetuum mobile would need to operate without any energy loss, which contradicts this law.

3. Friction and Resistance: Real-world machines are subject to friction and resistance, which result in energy loss. Even if a machine could eliminate all other sources of energy loss, it would still be subject to these factors, making perpetual motion impossible.

4. External Energy Source: A perpetuum mobile implies perpetual motion without an external energy source. However, all machines require an energy input to overcome energy losses and continue operating. Without an external energy source, a perpetuum mobile would eventually come to a stop.

In summary, the laws of thermodynamics, which are fundamental principles of physics, make it impossible for a perpetuum mobile to exist. While the concept has intrigued inventors and scientists throughout history, no successful perpetuum mobile has been created.