Question

В каком случае сила электрического взаимодействия двух металлических шариков , расположенных на одинаковом расстоянии , будет больше – при наличии одноименных или разноименных зарядов , если диаметры шариков соизмеримы с расстоянием между ними ? Заряды на них одинаковы и равны q .

Answer 1

 В данной задаче шарики не являются материальными точками, и вероятно надо учитывать их гравитационное притяжение. При наличии разноименных зарядов кулоновская сила и гравитационная будут совпадать по направлению. Значит в этом случае взаимодействие шаров будет больше. ИМХО!!!! 

Answer 2

Understanding the Electric Interaction Force Between Two Metal Spheres

When considering the electric interaction force between two metal spheres, several factors come into play. Let's explore the scenario where the spheres have the same charge (q) and are placed at an equal distance from each other. The question specifically asks whether the force will be greater when the spheres have like charges or opposite charges, assuming their diameters are comparable to the distance between them.

Electric Interaction Force with Like Charges

When two metal spheres with the same charge are placed at an equal distance from each other, the electric interaction force between them will be repulsive. This is due to the principle that like charges repel each other in an electric field. The force between the spheres will be governed by Coulomb's law, which states that the magnitude of the force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Electric Interaction Force with Opposite Charges

Conversely, if the spheres had opposite charges, the electric interaction force between them would be attractive. This is because opposite charges attract each other in an electric field. Again, Coulomb's law would govern the magnitude of the force, with the product of the charges and the inverse square of the distance being the determining factors.

Conclusion

In conclusion, when the metal spheres have the same charge and are placed at an equal distance from each other, the electric interaction force will be greater when the spheres have opposite charges compared to when they have like charges. This is due to the attractive nature of opposite charges and the repulsive nature of like charges in an electric field.

I hope this explanation helps! If you have any further questions or need additional clarification, feel free to ask.