Question

В проводнике отсутствует электрическое поле.как движутся в нем свободные электрические заряды?Почему так?

Answer 1

Беспорядочно , только под действием тепла

Answer 2

The Movement of Free Electric Charges in the Absence of an Electric Field

When there is no electric field present in a conductor, the movement of free electric charges is determined by the principles of electrostatic equilibrium. In this state, the charges within the conductor are distributed in such a way that there is no net movement of charge. This means that the charges are at rest or moving uniformly in a straight line.

The absence of an electric field means that there is no force acting on the charges to cause them to move. Without an external force, the charges will remain stationary or continue moving at a constant velocity. This is similar to the concept of inertia in mechanics, where an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

It's important to note that even in the absence of an electric field, the charges within the conductor still experience thermal motion due to their finite temperature. This random motion is known as thermal agitation or thermal motion. However, this motion does not contribute to the net movement of charge within the conductor.

In summary, when there is no electric field present in a conductor, the free electric charges within the conductor will either remain stationary or continue moving at a constant velocity in a straight line, in accordance with the principles of electrostatic equilibrium and the absence of external forces.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.