Question

Почему електрические провода по которым подают напряжение к електрической лампе накаливания не нагреваются а нить накала лампы нагревается и ярко светится?

Answer 1

Потому что провода и лампа включены последовательно
При последовательном соединениии I=const
P=I^2*R
Из формулы видно что тепловая можность зависит от сопротивления
Сопротивление лампочки значительно больше сопротивления проводов поэтому на ломпочке выделяется тепла больше чем на соединительных проводах

Answer 2

Why do the electrical wires that supply voltage to an incandescent light bulb not heat up, while the filament of the bulb heats up and emits bright light?

When electricity flows through a circuit, it encounters resistance, which causes the wires and components in the circuit to heat up. However, the electrical wires that supply voltage to an incandescent light bulb do not heat up significantly compared to the filament of the bulb. This is because the wires are made of materials with low resistance, such as copper or aluminum, which have high thermal conductivity. The low resistance of the wires allows the current to flow easily without generating excessive heat.

On the other hand, the filament of an incandescent light bulb is specifically designed to heat up and emit light. The filament is made of a material with high resistance, typically tungsten, which has a high melting point and can withstand the high temperatures generated. When an electric current passes through the filament, the resistance causes it to heat up to a temperature at which it emits visible light. The filament's high resistance ensures that most of the electrical energy is converted into heat and light, rather than being dissipated as wasted energy.

In summary, the electrical wires that supply voltage to an incandescent light bulb are made of materials with low resistance and high thermal conductivity, which allows the current to flow easily without significant heating. The filament of the bulb, however, is made of a material with high resistance, which causes it to heat up and emit light when an electric current passes through it.