Question

Завдання 3. Які з реакцій йонного обміну відбуваються до кінця? Чому? Напишіть молекулярні та скорочені йоннi рiвняння, де це можливо. Варіант 5. a) Na3PO4 + Ba(OH)2 = B) Na2SO3 + H2SO4 = Завдання 4 Користуючись таблицею розчинності, напишіть молеку- лярнi, повнi та скорочені йоннi рiвняння реакцій між речовинами. Кальцій гідроксидом й карбон (IV) оксидом; б) калiй карбонатом й хлоридною кислотою; в) ферум (III) хлоридом й натрій гідроксидом. 99

Answer 1

Task 3: Ion Exchange Reactions

Ion exchange reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds. These reactions continue until equilibrium is reached. Let's analyze the given reactions and provide the molecular and net ionic equations where possible.

a) Na3PO4 + Ba(OH)2: - Molecular equation: Na3PO4 + 3Ba(OH)2 → Ba3(PO4)2 + 6NaOH - Net ionic equation: 3Na+ + PO4^3- + 3Ba^2+ + 6OH- → Ba3(PO4)2 + 6Na+ + 6OH- - Explanation: In this reaction, the sodium phosphate (Na3PO4) reacts with barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) to form barium phosphate (Ba3(PO4)2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The sodium and hydroxide ions are spectator ions and do not participate in the net ionic equation.

b) Na2SO3 + H2SO4: - Molecular equation: Na2SO3 + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 - Net ionic equation: 2Na+ + SO3^2- + 2H+ + SO4^2- → Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2 - Explanation: In this reaction, sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), water (H2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The sodium and sulfate ions are spectator ions and do not participate in the net ionic equation.

Task 4: Solubility Reactions

Using the solubility table, let's write the molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for the reactions between the given substances.

a) Calcium hydroxide and carbon (IV) oxide: - Molecular equation: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O - Complete ionic equation: Ca^2+ + 2OH- + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O - Net ionic equation: Ca^2+ + CO2 → CaCO3 - Explanation: In this reaction, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) reacts with carbon dioxide (CO2) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and water (H2O). The hydroxide ions (OH-) are spectator ions and do not participate in the net ionic equation.

b) Potassium carbonate and hydrochloric acid: - Molecular equation: K2CO3 + 2HCl → 2KCl + H2O + CO2 - Complete ionic equation: 2K+ + CO3^2- + 2H+ + 2Cl- → 2K+ + 2Cl- + H2O + CO2 - Net ionic equation: CO3^2- + 2H+ → H2O + CO2 - Explanation: In this reaction, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form potassium chloride (KCl), water (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The potassium and chloride ions are spectator ions and do not participate in the net ionic equation.

c) Iron (III) chloride and sodium hydroxide: - Molecular equation: FeCl3 + 3NaOH → Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl - Complete ionic equation: Fe^3+ + 3Cl- + 3Na+ + 3OH- → Fe(OH)3 + 3Na+ + 3Cl- - Net ionic equation: Fe^3+ + 3OH- → Fe(OH)3 - Explanation: In this reaction, iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form iron (III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The chloride and sodium ions are spectator ions and do not participate in the net ionic equation.

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