Question

Пользуясь законом сохранения импульса объясните почему осколки,образовавшиеся при делении ядра атома урана,разлетелись в противоположных направлениях?!

Answer 1

если ядро изначально покоилось , то его импульс равен нулю.

импульс веторная величина

если один осколок летит в одну сторону , то чтобы сумма векторов была ноль , нужно чтобы другой летел в противоположную

Answer 2

Conservation of Momentum and the Division of Uranium Nuclei

The conservation of momentum is a fundamental principle in physics that states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it. This principle applies to various physical phenomena, including the division of uranium nuclei.

When a uranium nucleus undergoes fission, it splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing a significant amount of energy. The fragments, or shards, resulting from this process are known as fission products or nuclear fragments. These fragments are highly energetic and move away from each other in opposite directions.

The reason for the fragments moving in opposite directions can be explained by the conservation of momentum. Before the fission event, the uranium nucleus is at rest, so its momentum is zero. According to the conservation of momentum, the total momentum of the system after the fission event must also be zero.

Since the fragments move in opposite directions, their momenta have equal magnitudes but opposite directions. This ensures that the total momentum of the system remains zero, satisfying the conservation of momentum.

The conservation of momentum in the division of uranium nuclei can be understood by considering the following:

1. Before fission: The uranium nucleus is at rest, so its momentum is zero. 2. After fission: The two fragments move away from each other in opposite directions. The momentum of one fragment is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the momentum of the other fragment, resulting in a total momentum of zero for the system.

This phenomenon is similar to the recoil experienced when a gun is fired. The bullet moves forward with a certain momentum, while the gun moves backward with an equal magnitude of momentum in the opposite direction. The conservation of momentum ensures that the total momentum of the system (bullet + gun) remains constant.

In summary, the conservation of momentum explains why the fragments formed during the division of a uranium nucleus move in opposite directions. The equal and opposite momenta of the fragments ensure that the total momentum of the system remains zero, as required by the conservation of momentum principle.