Question

Почему для массивных сооружений необходим широкий фундамент?.

Answer 1

"Широкий"-надо понимать- большой площади.
Давление сооружения на грунт (то, что в Паскалях Н/м²) определяется отношением веса mg к площади опоры.
Для каждого типа грунта есть предельно допустимое давление.
Чем больше площадь опоры (фундамента), тем меньше давление и меньше проседание грунта.  

Answer 2

Why are wide foundations necessary for massive structures?

Wide foundations are necessary for massive structures because they provide stability and distribute the weight of the structure evenly to the ground. Here are a few reasons why wide foundations are important:

1. Weight distribution: Massive structures, such as skyscrapers, bridges, and dams, exert a significant amount of weight on the ground. A wide foundation helps distribute this weight over a larger area, reducing the pressure on the underlying soil or rock.

2. Preventing settlement: Settlement refers to the sinking or movement of a structure due to the compression of the underlying soil. Wide foundations help minimize settlement by spreading the load over a larger area, reducing the pressure on the soil and preventing excessive sinking.

3. Stability: Wide foundations provide stability to the structure by increasing its resistance to overturning and sliding. The wider the foundation, the more stable the structure becomes, especially in areas with soft or unstable soil.

4. Safety: Wide foundations are designed to withstand various forces, such as wind, earthquakes, and vibrations. By distributing the load over a larger area, wide foundations enhance the structural integrity and safety of the massive structure.

5. Soil conditions: The type and condition of the soil also play a crucial role in determining the width of the foundation. In areas with weak or expansive soil, wider foundations are necessary to provide additional support and prevent soil movement.

In summary, wide foundations are essential for massive structures because they distribute the weight, prevent settlement, enhance stability, ensure safety, and accommodate different soil conditions.