Question

В чем заключается сущность модели Томсона

Answer 1

Томсон предполагал, что электроны(отрицательно заряженные корпускулы) находятся в неком облаке положительного заряда. Заряд электронов и заряд облака при этом были равны с противоположным знаком, таким образом выполнялось бы уравнение электронейтральности. Такова была его модель атома.

Answer 2

С этой новой моделью Томсон отказался от своей более ранней гипотезы «туманного атома» (nebular atom), представлявшей атом состоящим из нематериальных вихрей. Теперь по крайней мере часть атома состояла из микроскопических отрицательно заряженных корпускул Томсона, хотя остальная положительно заряженная часть атома по-прежнему оставалась довольно туманной и плохо-определённой.

Answer 3

The Essence of the Thomson Model

The Thomson model, also known as the plum pudding model, was proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904. This model aimed to explain the structure of the atom based on the knowledge available at the time. According to the Thomson model, the atom is composed of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it.

Thomson's model was inspired by the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson himself in 1897. He observed that cathode rays, which are streams of electrons, were attracted to the positive electrode in an electric field. This led him to propose that atoms must contain negatively charged particles, which he called electrons.

In the Thomson model, the atom is compared to a plum pudding, where the positive charge represents the pudding and the electrons are like plums embedded within it. This model suggests that the positive charge is uniformly distributed throughout the atom, while the electrons are scattered within it.

However, it is important to note that the Thomson model was later replaced by the Rutherford model, which proposed that the positive charge is concentrated in a small, dense nucleus at the center of the atom, while the electrons orbit around it. The Rutherford model was further refined by the Bohr model, which introduced the concept of discrete energy levels for electrons.

In summary, the Thomson model of the atom proposed that atoms consist of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within it. This model played a significant role in the development of our understanding of atomic structure, although it was later replaced by more accurate models such as the Rutherford and Bohr models