Question

На 20 грамм гидроксида кальция подействовали раствором содержащим 25 грамм азотной кислоты,найти массу соли

Answer 1

Са(OH)2+2HNO3=Ca(NO3)2+2H2O

задача на избыток недостаток:

n(Ca(OH)2)=20/74=0,27 МОЛЬ

n(HNO3)=25/63=0,396 - ИЗБЫТОК

n(Ca(NO3)2)=0,27*164=44,28 Г

Answer 2

Calculating the Mass of Calcium Hydroxide Reacted with Nitric Acid

To find the mass of the salt formed when 20 grams of calcium hydroxide reacts with a solution containing 25 grams of nitric acid, we can use the concept of stoichiometry to determine the amount of salt produced.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium hydroxide and nitric acid is:

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of calcium hydroxide reacts with 2 moles of nitric acid to produce 1 mole of calcium nitrate and 2 moles of water.

Using the molar masses of the compounds involved: - The molar mass of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is approximately 74.093 grams/mol. - The molar mass of nitric acid (HNO3) is approximately 63.015 grams/mol. - The molar mass of calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) is approximately 164.087 grams/mol.

Calculation

1. Calculate the moles of calcium hydroxide: - Moles of Ca(OH)2 = Mass of Ca(OH)2 / Molar mass of Ca(OH)2 - Moles of Ca(OH)2 = 20 grams / 74.093 grams/mol - Moles of Ca(OH)2 ≈ 0.270 moles

2. Determine the limiting reactant: - The balanced equation shows that 1 mole of Ca(OH)2 reacts with 2 moles of HNO3. - Moles of HNO3 required = 2 * Moles of Ca(OH)2 - Moles of HNO3 required = 2 * 0.270 moles - Moles of HNO3 required ≈ 0.540 moles

- Moles of HNO3 available = Mass of HNO3 / Molar mass of HNO3 - Moles of HNO3 available = 25 grams / 63.015 grams/mol - Moles of HNO3 available ≈ 0.397 moles

Since the moles of HNO3 available (0.397 moles) are less than the moles required (0.540 moles), HNO3 is the limiting reactant.

3. Calculate the mass of calcium nitrate formed: - Moles of Ca(NO3)2 = Moles of HNO3 available - Moles of Ca(NO3)2 ≈ 0.397 moles - Mass of Ca(NO3)2 = Moles of Ca(NO3)2 * Molar mass of Ca(NO3)2 - Mass of Ca(NO3)2 ≈ 0.397 moles * 164.087 grams/mol - Mass of Ca(NO3)2 ≈ 65.1 grams

Therefore, the mass of calcium nitrate formed when 20 grams of calcium hydroxide reacts with a solution containing 25 grams of nitric acid is approximately 65.1 grams.