Question

Восьмиэлектронную внешнюю оболочку имеет ион 1) S4+ 2) S2- 3) Br5+ 4)Sn2+ объясните пожалуйста как это делать? знаю, что там надо смотреть по группам, а как вычислять не понял

Answer 1

Это надо по порядковому номеру смотреть, если над элементом написано -2 например, то надо прибавлять +2 к порядковому номеру(номер элемента это кол-во электронов в нем), если же +3 например то надо отнимать 3. В данном случае правильный ответ 2, т.к. анион серы -2 соответствует электронной оболочке инертного газа, а в нем то как раз 8 электронов

Answer 2

Determining the Number of Electrons in the Outer Shell of Ions

To determine the number of electrons in the outer shell of ions, we need to consider the electronic configuration of the elements and the way they form ions.

1) S4- - Sulfur (S) has the electronic configuration: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^4. - When sulfur forms an ion with a 2- charge, it gains two electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. - The 2- charge indicates that the ion has gained 2 electrons, so the outer shell now has 8 electrons.

2) S2- - This is the same as the previous example. Sulfur in the 2- ion state has 8 electrons in its outer shell.

3) Br5+ - Bromine (Br) has the electronic configuration: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5. - When bromine forms an ion with a 5+ charge, it loses 5 electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. - The 5+ charge indicates that the ion has lost 5 electrons, so the outer shell now has 2 electrons.

4) Sn2+ - Tin (Sn) has the electronic configuration: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^2. - When tin forms an ion with a 2+ charge, it loses 2 electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration. - The 2+ charge indicates that the ion has lost 2 electrons, so the outer shell now has 8 electrons.

In summary, the number of electrons in the outer shell of ions can be determined by understanding the electronic configuration of the elements and the way they form ions. For ions with a specific charge, the number of electrons in the outer shell can be calculated based on the gain or loss of electrons to achieve a stable noble gas configuration.