Question

Вычислить массу калия и объём хлора, полученных при электролизе 250г хлорида калия, содержащего 5% примесей

Answer 1

1)Уравнение электролиза 2KCl ⇒2K+CL₂
2)Найдем массу чистого хлорида калия  m=ω(соли)*m(образца)=0,95*250=237,5 г
3)Найдем количество соли n=m/M=237,5/74,5=3,19 моль
4) Из уравнения видим, что n(KCl)=n(К)=3,19 моль, а n(CL₂)=1/2n(KCl)=1,59 моль
5) Находим массу калия и объем хлора m(К)=n*М=3,19*39=124,4 г,  
V(CL₂)=n*V m=1,59*22,4=35,6 л

Answer 2

Calculation of Potassium Mass and Chlorine Volume

To calculate the mass of potassium and the volume of chlorine obtained during the electrolysis of 250g of potassium chloride with 5% impurities, we need to consider the molar mass and stoichiometry of the reaction.

The balanced equation for the electrolysis of potassium chloride (KCl) is:

2KCl(aq) -> 2K(s) + Cl2(g)

According to the equation, for every 2 moles of potassium chloride, we obtain 2 moles of potassium and 1 mole of chlorine gas.

To calculate the mass of potassium, we can use the following steps:

1. Calculate the moles of potassium chloride: - Mass of potassium chloride = 250g - Percentage of potassium chloride in the sample = 100% - 5% (impurities) = 95% - Mass of pure potassium chloride = 250g * (95/100) = 237.5g - Molar mass of potassium chloride (KCl) = 39.10g/mol + 35.45g/mol = 74.55g/mol - Moles of potassium chloride = Mass of potassium chloride / Molar mass of potassium chloride

2. Calculate the moles of potassium: - According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of potassium chloride yield 2 moles of potassium. - Moles of potassium = Moles of potassium chloride

3. Calculate the mass of potassium: - Mass of potassium = Moles of potassium * Molar mass of potassium

To calculate the volume of chlorine gas, we can use the following steps:

1. Calculate the moles of chlorine gas: - According to the balanced equation, 2 moles of potassium chloride yield 1 mole of chlorine gas. - Moles of chlorine gas = Moles of potassium chloride / 2

2. Calculate the volume of chlorine gas: - Volume of chlorine gas = Moles of chlorine gas * molar volume of gas at standard conditions (22.4 L/mol)

Let's perform the calculations:

1. Calculation of the mass of potassium: - Moles of potassium chloride = 237.5g / 74.55g/mol = 3.18 mol - Moles of potassium = 3.18 mol - Molar mass of potassium (K) = 39.10g/mol - Mass of potassium = 3.18 mol * 39.10g/mol = 124.758g

2. Calculation of the volume of chlorine gas: - Moles of chlorine gas = 3.18 mol / 2 = 1.59 mol - Volume of chlorine gas = 1.59 mol * 22.4 L/mol = 35.616 L

Therefore, the mass of potassium obtained during the electrolysis of 250g of potassium chloride with 5% impurities is approximately 124.758 grams, and the volume of chlorine gas obtained is approximately 35.616 liters.