Question

При сжигании 9,9 г органического вещества выделилось 8,8 г углекислого газа, 1,8г воды и 4,48л хлороводорода. Плотность паров вещества по азоту 3,536. Вещество реагирует с водным раствором гидроксида калия; продукт последней реакции не вступает в реакцию "серебряного зеркала" На основании данных условия задания: 1) произведите необходимые вычисления; 2) установите молекулярную формулу исходного органического вещества; 3)составьте структурную формулу этого вещества, которая однозначно отражает порядок связи атомов в его молекуле; 4)напишите уравнение реакции этого вещества с водным раствором гидроксида калия.

Answer 1

M(CxHyClz)=3,536* 28=99;
n(CxHyClz)=0,1моль;n(CO2)=0,2моль; n(H2)=0,1моль;n(HCl)=0,2моль

0,1                     0,2       0,1     0,2
CxHyClz + O2 -> CO2 +H2O + HCl

1CxHyClz +O2 -> 2CO2 +1H2O +2HCl

Ответ: C2H4Cl2-дихлорэтан

Answer 2

Calculation of the Molar Mass:

To determine the molecular formula of the organic substance, we need to calculate the molar mass of the substance. We can use the given data to calculate the molar mass as follows:

1. The mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced is 8.8 g. 2. The mass of water (H2O) produced is 1.8 g. 3. The volume of hydrogen chloride (HCl) produced is 4.48 L.

To calculate the molar mass, we need to convert the volume of hydrogen chloride to grams. We can use the density of the substance to do this.

The density of the substance is given as 3.536 g/L. Therefore, the mass of hydrogen chloride produced can be calculated as follows:

Mass of HCl = Density × Volume Mass of HCl = 3.536 g/L × 4.48 L = 15.836 g

Now, we can calculate the molar mass of the organic substance:

Molar mass of organic substance = Mass of CO2 + Mass of H2O + Mass of HCl Molar mass of organic substance = 8.8 g + 1.8 g + 15.836 g = 26.436 g

Determining the Molecular Formula:

To determine the molecular formula, we need to know the empirical formula of the organic substance. The empirical formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.

To find the empirical formula, we need to calculate the moles of each element present in the compound. We can use the molar masses of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to do this.

The molar mass of carbon is 12.01 g/mol, the molar mass of hydrogen is 1.008 g/mol, and the molar mass of oxygen is 16.00 g/mol.

1. Moles of carbon in CO2 = Mass of carbon in CO2 / Molar mass of carbon Moles of carbon in CO2 = 8.8 g / 12.01 g/mol = 0.732 mol

2. Moles of hydrogen in H2O = Mass of hydrogen in H2O / Molar mass of hydrogen Moles of hydrogen in H2O = 1.8 g / 1.008 g/mol = 1.786 mol

3. Moles of chlorine in HCl = Mass of chlorine in HCl / Molar mass of chlorine Moles of chlorine in HCl = 15.836 g / 35.45 g/mol = 0.447 mol

Now, we can find the empirical formula by dividing the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles:

Empirical formula = C0.732H1.786Cl0.447

To simplify the empirical formula, we can multiply all the subscripts by 2 to get whole numbers:

Empirical formula = C1.464H3.572Cl0.894

Writing the Structural Formula:

The structural formula represents the arrangement of atoms in a molecule and shows the order of bonding between atoms.

Based on the empirical formula C1.464H3.572Cl0.894, we can deduce that the organic substance contains carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine atoms. However, without additional information, it is not possible to determine the exact structural formula of the substance.

Reaction of the Substance with Potassium Hydroxide Solution:

The given data states that the product of the reaction between the organic substance and potassium hydroxide solution does not react with a "silver mirror." This suggests that the organic substance does not contain an aldehyde functional group, as aldehydes are known to react with Tollens' reagent to form a silver mirror.

Therefore, the reaction of the organic substance with potassium hydroxide solution can be represented by the following equation:

Organic substance + Potassium hydroxide solution → Products

Please note that without additional information about the specific functional groups present in the organic substance, it is not possible to write a more specific equation for the reaction.