Question

Какое кол-во вещества (масса и объем) хлороводорода образуется при взаимодействии 120 литров водрода и 180 литров хлора

Answer 1

Решение
хлор в избытке - 180л
решаем по недостатку-водороду Н2
120L        xL
H2+Cl2=2HCl
1mol      2mol

x=120*2/1=240L
n=V/Vm   Vm=22.4L/mol
n=240L/22.4L/mol=10.7mol
m=n*M    M(HCl)=35.5+1=36.5g/mol
m=10.7mol*22.4L/mol=390.55g

Answer 2

Calculation of the Amount of Hydrochloric Acid Formed

To determine the amount of hydrochloric acid formed when 120 liters of hydrogen gas (H2) reacts with 180 liters of chlorine gas (Cl2), we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. The balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine to form hydrochloric acid (HCl) is as follows:

H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of hydrogen gas reacts with 1 mole of chlorine gas to produce 2 moles of hydrochloric acid.

To calculate the amount of hydrochloric acid formed, we need to convert the given volumes of hydrogen and chlorine gases into moles using the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law equation is given by:

PV = nRT

Where: - P is the pressure of the gas - V is the volume of the gas - n is the number of moles of the gas - R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) - T is the temperature in Kelvin

Since the temperature and pressure are not provided, we will assume standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions, which are 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (atm) respectively.

Converting the volumes of hydrogen and chlorine gases to moles:

- Hydrogen gas (H2): - Volume: 120 liters - Moles of H2 = (120 liters) / (22.4 liters/mol) = 5.36 moles of H2.

- Chlorine gas (Cl2): - Volume: 180 liters - Moles of Cl2 = (180 liters) / (22.4 liters/mol) = 8.04 moles of Cl2.

Since the reaction between hydrogen and chlorine is in a 1:1 ratio, the limiting reactant is hydrogen. Therefore, all 5.36 moles of hydrogen will react completely to form 5.36 moles of hydrochloric acid.

Converting moles of hydrochloric acid to mass and volume:

- Molar mass of HCl = 36.46 g/mol (hydrogen: 1.01 g/mol, chlorine: 35.45 g/mol). - Mass of HCl = (5.36 moles) * (36.46 g/mol) = 195.34 grams of HCl. - Volume of HCl = (5.36 moles) * (22.4 liters/mol) = 120 liters of HCl.

Therefore, when 120 liters of hydrogen gas and 180 liters of chlorine gas react, 195.34 grams of hydrochloric acid are formed, and the volume of hydrochloric acid formed is 120 liters.

Please note that the above calculations assume ideal conditions and a complete reaction. In practice, the actual yield may be lower due to factors such as incomplete reactions or side reactions.

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