Question

ХІМІЯ ВІДДАЮ ВСІ ПОІНТИ Назвати речовини за номенклатурою іюпак та вказати тип за класифікацією. HOOC-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-COOH Скласти схеми реакцій утворення жиру та його лужного гідролізу(омилення) 1,3-дипальміто-2-стеарин

Answer 1

Nomenclature and Classification of Substances

The given compound, HOOC-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-COOH, can be named as cis-4-hexenoic acid. It belongs to the class of carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group (COOH) attached to an alkyl or aryl group. They are named by replacing the "-e" ending of the corresponding alkane with "-oic acid" [[1]].

Formation of Fats

Fats, also known as triglycerides, are formed through a reaction called esterification. Esterification involves the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, resulting in the formation of an ester and water. In the case of fats, the carboxylic acids involved are usually long-chain fatty acids, and the alcohol is glycerol.

The reaction scheme for the formation of a fat can be represented as follows:

Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol → Ester + Water

In the case of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-stearin, the specific carboxylic acids involved are palmitic acid (C16H32O2) and stearic acid (C18H36O2). The reaction can be represented as:

2 Palmitic Acid + Stearic Acid + Glycerol → 1,3-Dipalmitoyl-2-stearin + 3 Water

Alkaline Hydrolysis (Saponification) of Fats

The alkaline hydrolysis of fats, also known as saponification, involves the reaction of a fat with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH). This reaction breaks down the ester bonds in the fat, resulting in the formation of glycerol and the corresponding salts of the fatty acids, known as soaps.

The reaction scheme for the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat can be represented as follows:

Fat + Strong Base → Glycerol + Soap

In the case of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-stearin, the reaction with a strong base would result in the formation of glycerol and the corresponding salts of palmitic acid and stearic acid.

It's important to note that the given compound, HOOC-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-COOH (cis-4-hexenoic acid), is not a fat. It is a carboxylic acid and does not undergo the same reactions as fats.

I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.