Question

Серед зазначених формул знайдіть формули сполук з ковалентним полярним зв’язком: NH 3 , H 2 , NO, SO 3 , H 2 S, O 2 , N 2 , AlCl 3 . NH 3 , J 2 , CH 4 , SiH 4 , O 2 , H 2 O, HJ, Вкажіть механізм його утворення.

Answer 1

Formulas of compounds with covalent polar bonds:

1. NH3 (Ammonia): - Formula: NH3 - Mechanism of formation: Ammonia is formed through the covalent bonding between one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. The nitrogen atom shares its three valence electrons with the three hydrogen atoms, resulting in a covalent polar bond. The nitrogen atom is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing the molecule to have a partial negative charge on the nitrogen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.

2. H2O (Water): - Formula: H2O - Mechanism of formation: Water is formed through the covalent bonding between two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. The oxygen atom shares its two valence electrons with the two hydrogen atoms, resulting in a covalent polar bond. The oxygen atom is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing the molecule to have a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.

3. NO (Nitric oxide): - Formula: NO - Mechanism of formation: Nitric oxide is formed through the covalent bonding between one nitrogen atom and one oxygen atom. The nitrogen atom shares its two valence electrons with the oxygen atom, resulting in a covalent polar bond. The nitrogen atom is more electronegative than oxygen, causing the molecule to have a partial negative charge on the nitrogen atom and a partial positive charge on the oxygen atom.

4. SO3 (Sulfur trioxide): - Formula: SO3 - Mechanism of formation: Sulfur trioxide is formed through the covalent bonding between one sulfur atom and three oxygen atoms. The sulfur atom shares its six valence electrons with the three oxygen atoms, resulting in covalent polar bonds. The oxygen atoms are more electronegative than sulfur, causing the molecule to have partial negative charges on the oxygen atoms and a partial positive charge on the sulfur atom.

5. H2S (Hydrogen sulfide): - Formula: H2S - Mechanism of formation: Hydrogen sulfide is formed through the covalent bonding between two hydrogen atoms and one sulfur atom. The sulfur atom shares its two valence electrons with the two hydrogen atoms, resulting in a covalent polar bond. The sulfur atom is more electronegative than hydrogen, causing the molecule to have a partial negative charge on the sulfur atom and partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.

6. O2 (Oxygen): - Formula: O2 - Mechanism of formation: Oxygen exists as a diatomic molecule, formed through the covalent bonding between two oxygen atoms. The two oxygen atoms share their four valence electrons, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond. The electronegativity of the two oxygen atoms is the same, so there is no separation of charge in the molecule.

7. N2 (Nitrogen): - Formula: N2 - Mechanism of formation: Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule, formed through the covalent bonding between two nitrogen atoms. The two nitrogen atoms share their six valence electrons, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond. The electronegativity of the two nitrogen atoms is the same, so there is no separation of charge in the molecule.

8. AlCl3 (Aluminum chloride): - Formula: AlCl3 - Mechanism of formation: Aluminum chloride is formed through the covalent bonding between one aluminum atom and three chlorine atoms. The aluminum atom shares its three valence electrons with the three chlorine atoms, resulting in covalent polar bonds. The chlorine atoms are more electronegative than aluminum, causing the molecule to have partial negative charges on the chlorine atoms and a partial positive charge on the aluminum atom.

Formulas of compounds with covalent nonpolar bonds:

1. CH4 (Methane): - Formula: CH4 - Mechanism of formation: Methane is formed through the covalent bonding between one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The carbon atom shares its four valence electrons with the four hydrogen atoms, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond. The electronegativity of the carbon and hydrogen atoms is similar, so there is no separation of charge in the molecule.

2. SiH4 (Silane): - Formula: SiH4 - Mechanism of formation: Silane is formed through the covalent bonding between one silicon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The silicon atom shares its four valence electrons with the four hydrogen atoms, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond. The electronegativity of the silicon and hydrogen atoms is similar, so there is no separation of charge in the molecule.

3. O2 (Oxygen): - Formula: O2 - Mechanism of formation: Same as mentioned above.

4. H2 (Hydrogen): - Formula: H2 - Mechanism of formation: Hydrogen exists as a diatomic molecule, formed through the covalent bonding between two hydrogen atoms. The two hydrogen atoms share their two valence electrons, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond. The electronegativity of the two hydrogen atoms is the same, so there is no separation of charge in the molecule.

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