Question

СРОЧНО! Написати реакції перетворення молочної кислоти. Написати реакції утилізації аміаку.

Answer 1

Reactions of Lactic Acid Transformation:

Lactic acid can undergo various reactions to transform into different compounds. Here are some reactions commonly associated with the transformation of lactic acid:

1. Esterification: Lactic acid can react with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form an ester and water. This reaction is known as esterification. The general equation for this reaction is:

Lactic acid + Alcohol ⇌ Ester + Water

For example, when lactic acid reacts with methanol, methyl lactate is formed:

CH3CH(OH)COOH + CH3OH ⇌ CH3CH(OH)COOCH3 + H2O

[[1]]

2. Dehydration: Lactic acid can undergo dehydration to form lactide, which is a cyclic dimer of lactic acid. This reaction is typically carried out at elevated temperatures in the presence of a catalyst. The general equation for this reaction is:

Lactic acid ⇌ Lactide + Water

For example, when lactic acid undergoes dehydration, it forms lactide:

2CH3CH(OH)COOH ⇌ (CH3CH(OH)CO)2O + H2O

[[2]]

3. Decarboxylation: Lactic acid can undergo decarboxylation to form acetaldehyde. This reaction typically requires high temperatures and is catalyzed by certain enzymes. The general equation for this reaction is:

Lactic acid ⇌ Acetaldehyde + Carbon Dioxide

For example, when lactic acid undergoes decarboxylation, it forms acetaldehyde:

CH3CH(OH)COOH ⇌ CH3CHO + CO2

[[3]]

Utilization Reactions of Ammonia:

Ammonia can be utilized in various reactions to form different compounds. Here are some common reactions associated with the utilization of ammonia:

1. Haber-Bosch Process: The Haber-Bosch process is a well-known industrial process for the production of ammonia. In this process, nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas react in the presence of an iron catalyst and high pressure to form ammonia. The general equation for this reaction is:

Nitrogen + Hydrogen ⇌ Ammonia

N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3

[[4]]

2. Amination: Ammonia can be used in amination reactions to introduce amino groups into organic compounds. In these reactions, ammonia reacts with an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst to form an amine. The general equation for this reaction is:

Organic Compound + Ammonia ⇌ Amine

For example, when ammonia reacts with an organic compound such as benzene in the presence of a catalyst, aniline is formed:

C6H6 + NH3 ⇌ C6H5NH2

[[5]]

3. Neutralization: Ammonia can be utilized in neutralization reactions to neutralize acids. In these reactions, ammonia reacts with an acid to form a salt and water. The general equation for this reaction is:

Acid + Ammonia ⇌ Salt + Water

For example, when ammonia reacts with hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride is formed:

HCl + NH3 ⇌ NH4Cl

[[6]]

These are just a few examples of the reactions involved in the transformation of lactic acid and the utilization of ammonia. There are many other reactions and applications associated with these compounds.