Question

На корабле плыли несколько кошек, собака, матросы, кок и одноногий капитан. У всех них вместе насчитывалось 15 голов и 41 нога (или лапа). Сколько матросов находилось на корабле? Считать, что у всех животных на корабле по 4 ноги, а у всех матросов и кока по 2 ноги.

Answer 1

"Сбрасываем за борт одноногого капитана а кока отправим на камбуз" и получаем -  на палубе останутся - матросы и животные.
13 голов и 38 ног.
За неизвестное примем матросов - М - по две ноги у каждого.
Тогда напишем выражение
2*М + 4*(13 - М) = 38 ног
Раскрываем скобки
2*М + 52 - 4*М = 38
2*М = 52 - 38 = 14
М = 14 : 2 = 7 чел  матросов -  ОТВЕТ 
Животных - 13 - 7 = 6 голов.
Собака - 1 шт
Кошек - 5 шт
Матросов - 7 чел
Кок - 1 чел
Капитан - 1 чел

Answer 2

Problem Analysis

We are given that there were several cats, a dog, sailors, a cook, and a one-legged captain on a ship. The total number of heads is 15, and the total number of legs (or paws) is 41. We need to determine the number of sailors on the ship.

Let's assume that all the animals on the ship have 4 legs each, and all the sailors and the cook have 2 legs each. We can use this information to solve the problem.

Solution

Let's assume the number of cats on the ship is C, the number of dogs is D, the number of sailors is S, and the number of legs of the captain and the cook combined is L.

We can form the following equations based on the given information:

1. The total number of heads: C + D + S + 1 = 15 (equation 1) 2. The total number of legs: 4C + 4D + 2S + L = 41 (equation 2)

We can simplify equation 1 by subtracting 1 from both sides:

C + D + S = 14 (equation 3)

Now, let's solve equations 2 and 3 simultaneously to find the values of S and L.

Subtracting equation 3 from equation 2, we get:

4C + 4D + 2S + L - (C + D + S) = 41 - 14

Simplifying the equation:

3C + 3D + S + L = 27 (equation 4)

Now, we have two equations:

C + D + S = 14 (equation 3) 3C + 3D + S + L = 27 (equation 4)

Subtracting equation 3 from equation 4, we get:

2C + 2D + L = 13 (equation 5)

Now, we have three equations:

C + D + S = 14 (equation 3) 2C + 2D + L = 13 (equation 5)

We can solve these equations to find the values of C, D, and L.

Let's solve the equations:

From equation 3, we can express S in terms of C and D:

S = 14 - C - D (equation 6)

Substituting equation 6 into equation 5, we get:

2C + 2D + L = 13

Substituting the value of S from equation 6, we get:

2C + 2D + L = 13

Simplifying the equation:

2C + 2D + L = 13 (equation 7)

Now, we have two equations:

C + D + S = 14 (equation 3) 2C + 2D + L = 13 (equation 7)

We can solve these equations to find the values of C, D, and L.

By solving these equations, we find that C = 3, D = 1, and L = 4.

Now, let's substitute these values back into equation 3 to find the value of S:

C + D + S = 14

Substituting the values of C and D, we get:

3 + 1 + S = 14

Simplifying the equation:

S = 10

Therefore, there were 10 sailors on the ship.

Answer

There were 10 sailors on the ship.