Question

Химия. Что такое олеум??????

Answer 1

Это раствор серного ангидрида SO3.
Вязкая маслянистая бесцветная жидкость или легкоплавкие кристаллы, которые могут приобретать самые различные оттенки вследствие наличия примесей. 

Answer 2

О́леум — раствор серного ангидрида SO₃ в 100%-й серной кислоте H₂SO₄. 

Answer 3

Oleum in Chemistry

Oleum is a term used in chemistry to refer to a solution of sulfur trioxide (SO3) in sulfuric acid (H2SO4). It is also known as fuming sulfuric acid or sulfuric acid anhydride. Oleum is a highly corrosive and reactive substance that is commonly used in various industrial processes and chemical reactions.

Composition and Properties of Oleum

Oleum is composed of varying concentrations of sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid. The concentration of sulfur trioxide in oleum can range from 20% to 100% The concentration of sulfuric acid in oleum is typically higher than that in regular sulfuric acid solutions.

Oleum is known for its strong dehydrating properties and its ability to react vigorously with water. It is also a strong oxidizing agent and can react with organic compounds, metals, and other substances.

Uses of Oleum

Oleum has several important applications in various industries. Some of its uses include:

1. Sulfonation Reactions: Oleum is commonly used in the sulfonation of organic compounds, which is an important step in the production of detergents, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. The sulfonation process involves the addition of sulfuric acid to organic compounds to introduce sulfonic acid groups.

2. Manufacturing of Inorganic Chemicals: Oleum is used in the production of various inorganic chemicals, such as metal sulfates, metal phosphates, and metal nitrates. It is also used in the production of sulfuric acid itself.

3. Drying Agent: Due to its strong dehydrating properties, oleum is used as a drying agent in certain chemical processes. It can remove water from gases and other substances.

4. Catalyst: Oleum can act as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, facilitating the reaction without being consumed in the process.

5. Laboratory Reagent: Oleum is sometimes used as a reagent in laboratory experiments and research.

Safety Considerations

Oleum is a highly corrosive and reactive substance that should be handled with extreme caution. It can cause severe burns and damage to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Proper protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a respirator, should be used when working with oleum.

It is important to follow proper safety protocols and handle oleum in a well-ventilated area or under fume hoods to avoid inhalation of toxic fumes. Spills should be cleaned up immediately using appropriate neutralizing agents and procedures.

Conclusion

In summary, oleum is a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid. It is a highly reactive and corrosive substance used in various industrial processes and chemical reactions. Oleum has applications in sulfonation reactions, manufacturing of inorganic chemicals, drying agents, catalysts, and laboratory reagents. Safety precautions should be taken when handling oleum due to its corrosive and toxic nature.