Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТА!!! Спасибо заранее. сравните основные свойства PH3 и NH3 и объясните причину их различия

Answer 1

PH3-фосфин.

NH3-аммиак.

ведь это же в-ва.

сходства втом,что эти два в-ва газы.,и оба безцветных.

Фосфин сильно отличается от его аналога аммиака. Его химическая активность выше, чем у аммиака, он плохо растворим в воде, как основание значительно слабее аммиака. Последнее объясняется тем, что связи H-P поляризованы слабо и активность неподелённой пары электронов у фосфора (3s2) ниже, чем у азота (2s2) в аммиаке.

В отсутствие кислорода при нагревании разлагается на элементы.

 

Answer 2

Comparison of PH3 and NH3

PH3 and NH3 are both chemical compounds that contain hydrogen and a non-metal element. PH3 is phosphine, while NH3 is ammonia. Although they have some similarities, there are also significant differences between these two compounds.

1. Molecular Structure: The main difference between PH3 and NH3 lies in their molecular structures. PH3 has a trigonal pyramidal structure, with the phosphorus atom at the center and three hydrogen atoms bonded to it. On the other hand, NH3 has a trigonal pyramidal structure as well, but with the nitrogen atom at the center and three hydrogen atoms bonded to it.

2. Chemical Properties: The different molecular structures of PH3 and NH3 result in distinct chemical properties.

- Reactivity: PH3 is a highly reactive compound and can easily react with various substances. It is flammable and can ignite spontaneously in air. NH3 is also reactive but to a lesser extent than PH3. It acts as a weak base and can form complexes with metal ions.

- Basicity: NH3 is a weak base and can accept a proton (H+) to form the ammonium ion (NH4+). PH3, on the other hand, is not a base and does not exhibit basic properties.

- Toxicity: PH3 is highly toxic and can be fatal if inhaled or ingested. It is used as a fumigant and can be harmful to humans and animals. NH3, although also toxic in high concentrations, is less toxic than PH3 and is commonly used in household cleaning products and as a refrigerant.

3. Uses: PH3 and NH3 have different applications due to their distinct properties.

- PH3: Phosphine (PH3) is primarily used in the semiconductor industry for the production of microchips. It is also used as a fumigant for stored grain and as a reducing agent in chemical reactions.

- NH3: Ammonia (NH3) has a wide range of applications. It is commonly used in the production of fertilizers, cleaning products, and as a refrigerant. NH3 is also used in the synthesis of various chemicals and in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.

In summary, PH3 and NH3 differ in their molecular structures, chemical properties, toxicity, and applications. PH3 is highly reactive, toxic, and used in the semiconductor industry, while NH3 is less reactive, less toxic, and has various applications in agriculture, cleaning, and manufacturing.

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