Question

В чем сходство валентности со степенью окисления?

Answer 1

Общее:

Понятия "валентность" и степень окисления" используют для количественной характеристики способности атомов одного химического элемента соединяться с определенным числом атомов другого химического элемента. У металлов Валентном б и степень окисления совпадают

Различия:

В неорганической химии, где большинство веществ имеет немолекулярное строение, невозможно определить точное количество химических связей, которые образует данный атом с другими атомами. Поэтому применяют понятие «степень окисления», которая характеризует условный или фактический заряд, который приобретает атом в результате образования химической связи.

В органической химии, где большинство соединений имеет молекулярное строение, используют понятие «валентность», характеризующее количество химических связей, которые образует данный атом с другими атомами

Answer 2

Similarity Between Valency and Oxidation State

The similarity between valency and oxidation state lies in their relationship to the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when forming chemical bonds.

Valency refers to the combining power of an element, which determines the number of atoms of an element with which one atom of the element can combine. It is determined by the number of electrons an atom needs to gain, lose, or share to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Oxidation state (or oxidation number) is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. It indicates the number of electrons that an atom has gained, lost, or shared when it forms chemical bonds.

The relationship between valency and oxidation state can be seen in the following ways:

1. Electron Gain/Loss: Both valency and oxidation state involve the gain, loss, or sharing of electrons during chemical bonding. The valency of an element determines the number of electrons it can gain, lose, or share to achieve a stable electron configuration, while the oxidation state indicates the actual number of electrons gained, lost, or shared by an atom in a compound.

2. Chemical Bonding: Valency and oxidation state are both related to the formation of chemical bonds. Valency determines the number of bonds an atom can form, while the oxidation state reflects the actual charge of the atom in a compound, which is related to the number of bonds formed.

3. Stable Configuration: Both valency and oxidation state are related to achieving a stable electron configuration. Valency determines the number of electrons needed to achieve stability, while the oxidation state reflects the actual distribution of electrons in a compound.

In summary, the similarity between valency and oxidation state lies in their relationship to the gain, loss, or sharing of electrons during chemical bonding and their role in achieving stable electron configurations.