Question

Які речовини утворюються на інертних катоді та аноді під час електролізу водних розчинів таких електролітів: а) KOH;б) H2SO4; в) NaCl; г) K2SO4; ґ) Fe(NO3)3; д) CuCl2?

Answer 1

А)
Катодний процес: 4K+ + 4e- ⟶ 4K
Анодний процес: 4OH- - 4e- ⟶ O2 + 2H2O

б)
Катод:
2H2O +2e ⟶ H2 +2OH-
Анод:
2H2O – 4e ⟶ O2 + 4H+

в)
Катод:
2H2O + 2e- ⟶ H2 + 2OH-
Анод:
2Cl- - 2e- ⟶ Cl2

г)
Катод :
2H2O + 2ē ⟶ H2 + 2OH-
Анод :
2H2O - 4ē ⟶ O2 + 4H+

ґ)
Катод :
Fe3+ + 3ē ⟶ Fe
Анод :
2H2O - 4ē ⟶ O2 + 4H+

д)
Катод:
Cu2+ +2е ⟶ Cu0
Анод:
2Cl- -2 e ⟶ Cl20

Answer 2

Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

During the electrolysis of aqueous solutions, various substances can be formed at the inert cathode and anode. The specific substances formed depend on the nature of the electrolyte and the conditions of the electrolysis process.

Electrolysis of Aqueous KOH Solution (Potassium Hydroxide)

At the cathode (negative electrode): - Hydrogen gas (H2) is formed when water molecules are reduced by gaining electrons: 2H2O + 2e- -> H2 + 2OH- [[1]].

At the anode (positive electrode): - Oxygen gas (O2) is formed when hydroxide ions are oxidized by losing electrons: 4OH- -> 2H2O + O2 + 4e- [[2]].

Electrolysis of Aqueous H2SO4 Solution (Sulfuric Acid)

At the cathode: - Hydrogen gas (H2) is formed when water molecules are reduced by gaining electrons: 2H2O + 2e- -> H2 + 2OH- [[3]].

At the anode: - Oxygen gas (O2) is formed when water molecules are oxidized by losing electrons: 4H2O -> 4H+ + O2 + 4e- [[4]].

Electrolysis of Aqueous NaCl Solution (Sodium Chloride)

At the cathode: - Hydrogen gas (H2) is formed when water molecules are reduced by gaining electrons: 2H2O + 2e- -> H2 + 2OH- [[5]].

At the anode: - Chlorine gas (Cl2) is formed when chloride ions are oxidized by losing electrons: 2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e- [[6]].

Electrolysis of Aqueous K2SO4 Solution (Potassium Sulfate)

At the cathode: - Hydrogen gas (H2) is formed when water molecules are reduced by gaining electrons: 2H2O + 2e- -> H2 + 2OH- [[7]].

At the anode: - Oxygen gas (O2) is formed when water molecules are oxidized by losing electrons: 4H2O -> 4H+ + O2 + 4e- [[8]].

Electrolysis of Aqueous Fe(NO3)3 Solution (Iron(III) Nitrate)

At the cathode: - Iron metal (Fe) is formed when iron(III) ions are reduced by gaining electrons: Fe3+ + 3e- -> Fe [[9]].

At the anode: - Oxygen gas (O2) is formed when water molecules are oxidized by losing electrons: 4H2O -> 4H+ + O2 + 4e- [[10]].

Electrolysis of Aqueous CuCl2 Solution (Copper(II) Chloride)

At the cathode: - Copper metal (Cu) is formed when copper(II) ions are reduced by gaining electrons: Cu2+ + 2e- -> Cu [[11]].

At the anode: - Chlorine gas (Cl2) is formed when chloride ions are oxidized by losing electrons: 2Cl- -> Cl2 + 2e- [[12]].

Please note that these are general reactions that occur during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of the mentioned electrolytes. The actual products formed may vary depending on factors such as concentration, temperature, and electrode materials used.

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