Question

Записать реакции электролиза на инертных электродах и вычислить массу вещества, полученного на катоде, и объем газа, выделившегося на аноде, при электролизе растворов электролитов, если время электролиза 20 минут, сила тока I=2A, если выход по току B(ток) =100%. Какие вещества будут выделяться на электродах при замене инертного анода на металлический, указанный в задании: Электролит Fe2(SO4)3, металлический электрод Fe

Answer 1

Ответ:

MgCl2 + 2H2O --электролиз --> H2 + Cl2 + Mg(OH)2

(-) К 2Н2О +4е ---> H2 + 2OH(-) на катоде восстанавливается газ Н2

m(H2) = (Э/F)*I*t = (1/96500)*20*60*2 = ...г

V(Cl2) = 11.2*20*60*2 / 96500 = ...л

При замене инертного анода на никелевый на катоде будет выделяться никель, на аноде - хлор, анод в процессе электролиза будет растворяться .

Answer 2

Electrolysis Reactions on Inert Electrodes and Calculations

When conducting electrolysis, the reactions on the inert electrodes can be determined based on the electrolyte used. In this case, the electrolyte is Fe2(SO4)3, and the metal electrode is Fe. The reactions at the electrodes during the electrolysis of Fe2(SO4)3 can be represented as follows:

At the cathode (negative electrode): Fe3+ + 3e- → Fe At the anode (positive electrode): 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e-

The mass of the substance deposited at the cathode and the volume of gas liberated at the anode can be calculated using Faraday's laws of electrolysis.

Calculating the Mass of Substance and Volume of Gas

Given: - Time of electrolysis (t) = 20 minutes = 20 * 60 seconds = 1200 seconds - Current (I) = 2A - Faraday's constant (F) = 96500 C/mol - Current efficiency (B) = 100%

The mass of the substance deposited at the cathode (m) can be calculated using the formula: m = (I * t * M) / (n * F) Where: - I = current in amperes - t = time in seconds - M = molar mass of the substance - n = number of electrons involved in the reaction

The volume of gas liberated at the anode (V) can be calculated using the formula: V = (I * t) / (n * F) Where: - I = current in amperes - t = time in seconds - n = number of electrons involved in the reaction

Substituting Values and Calculating

For the given reaction at the cathode: - Molar mass of Fe = 55.845 g/mol - Number of electrons involved in the reaction = 3

Substituting the values: m = (2 * 1200 * 55.845) / (3 * 96500) m ≈ 0.253 g For the reaction at the anode: - Number of electrons involved in the reaction = 4

Substituting the values: V = (2 * 1200) / (4 * 96500) V ≈ 0.253 L Therefore, the mass of the substance deposited at the cathode is approximately 0.253 g, and the volume of gas liberated at the anode is approximately 0.253 L.

Replacement of Inert Anode with Metallic Anode

If the inert anode is replaced with a metallic Fe anode, the reaction at the anode would change. Instead of the liberation of oxygen gas, the anode reaction would involve the oxidation of Fe to Fe3+ ions: Fe → Fe3+ + 3e-

This would result in the production of Fe3+ ions in the electrolyte.

I hope this helps! If you have further questions, feel free to ask.