Question

ПОМОГИТЕ ХИМИЯ Задание № 1Определите тип химической связи в каждом из предложенных соединений. Расставьте над каждым элементом, входящим в состав соединения степень окисления. Назовите каждое соединение.H3PO4, NH3, P2O5, N2, (NH4)2SO4, NO2, KNO3, Mg3N2, Cu(NO3)2, PCl3Задание № 2Напишите возможные с точки зрения обратимости уравнения реакции:Хлорид аммония и вода 3)гидроксид кальция и нитрат аммонияНашатырный спирт и гидроксид калия 4) аммиак и ортофосфорная кислотаВо всех возможных реакциях напишите молекулярное, полное ионное и сокращённое ионное уравнения.Задание № 3Рассчитайте массовую долю фосфора в фосфате аммония.Задание № 4Используя метод электронного баланса, расставьте коэффициенты в уравнении реакции:Pb(NO3)2 PbO + O2 + NO2KClO3 + P  KCl + P2O5Укажите окислитель и восстановитель.Задание № 5Используя сокращенное ионное уравнения составьте молекулярное и полное ионное уравнение:3Ag+ + PO43-  Ag3PO4Задание № 6Закончите уравнение реакций, расставьте коэффициенты, назовите полученные продукты реакции.HNO3 (разб) + CaCa3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 (конц)NH4OH + H2SO4AgNO3 + HCl​

Answer 1

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Объяснение:
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Answer 2

Task 1: Types of Chemical Bonds and Oxidation States

To determine the type of chemical bond in each compound and assign the oxidation states to the elements, we can refer to the electronegativity difference between the elements and the rules for assigning oxidation states.

1. H3PO4 (Phosphoric acid): - Type of chemical bond: Covalent bond between hydrogen and phosphorus, and ionic bond between phosphorus and oxygen. - Oxidation states: Hydrogen (+1), Phosphorus (+5), Oxygen (-2) [[1]].

2. NH3 (Ammonia): - Type of chemical bond: Covalent bond. - Oxidation states: Nitrogen (-3), Hydrogen (+1) [[2]].

3. P2O5 (Phosphorus pentoxide): - Type of chemical bond: Covalent bond. - Oxidation states: Phosphorus (+5), Oxygen (-2) [[3]].

4. N2 (Nitrogen gas): - Type of chemical bond: Triple covalent bond. - Oxidation states: Nitrogen (0) [[4]].

5. (NH4)2SO4 (Ammonium sulfate): - Type of chemical bond: Ionic bond. - Oxidation states: Nitrogen (-3), Hydrogen (+1), Sulfur (+6), Oxygen (-2) [[5]].

6. NO2 (Nitrogen dioxide): - Type of chemical bond: Covalent bond. - Oxidation states: Nitrogen (+4), Oxygen (-2) [[6]].

7. KNO3 (Potassium nitrate): - Type of chemical bond: Ionic bond. - Oxidation states: Potassium (+1), Nitrogen (+5), Oxygen (-2) [[7]].

8. Mg3N2 (Magnesium nitride): - Type of chemical bond: Ionic bond. - Oxidation states: Magnesium (+2), Nitrogen (-3) [[8]].

9. Cu(NO3)2 (Copper(II) nitrate): - Type of chemical bond: Ionic bond. - Oxidation states: Copper (+2), Nitrogen (+5), Oxygen (-2) [[9]].

10. PCl3 (Phosphorus trichloride): - Type of chemical bond: Covalent bond. - Oxidation states: Phosphorus (+3), Chlorine (-1) [[10]].

Task 2: Reversibility of Reactions

1. Ammonium chloride and water: - Reversible reaction.

2. Calcium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate: - Reversible reaction.

3. Ammonium nitrate and potassium hydroxide: - Reversible reaction.

4. Ammonia and orthophosphoric acid: - Reversible reaction.

Task 3: Calculation of Phosphorus Mass Fraction

To calculate the mass fraction of phosphorus in ammonium phosphate, we need to know the molar mass of phosphorus and the molar mass of ammonium phosphate.

The molar mass of phosphorus (P) is approximately 30.97 g/mol, and the molar mass of ammonium phosphate ((NH4)3PO4) is approximately 149.09 g/mol.

To calculate the mass fraction of phosphorus, we can use the following formula:

Mass fraction of phosphorus = (Molar mass of phosphorus / Molar mass of ammonium phosphate) * 100%

Substituting the values:

Mass fraction of phosphorus = (30.97 g/mol / 149.09 g/mol) * 100% ≈ 20.77%

Therefore, the mass fraction of phosphorus in ammonium phosphate is approximately 20.77%.

Task 4: Balancing Equations and Identifying Redox Reactions

1. Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + O2 + NO2 - Balancing the equation: 2Pb(NO3)2 → 2PbO + 4O2 + 4NO2 - Oxidation: Pb2+ → PbO (reduction in oxidation state) - Reduction: NO3- → NO2 (increase in oxidation state) - Oxidizing agent: NO3- - Reducing agent: Pb2+

2. KClO3 + P → KCl + P2O5 - Balancing the equation: 2KClO3 + 10P → 10KCl + P2O5 - Oxidation: P → P2O5 (increase in oxidation state) - Reduction: ClO3- → Cl (reduction in oxidation state) - Oxidizing agent: ClO3- - Reducing agent: P

Task 5: Writing Equations in Different Forms

3Ag+ + PO43- → Ag3PO4 - Molecular equation: 3Ag+ + PO43- → Ag3PO4 - Ionic equation: 3Ag+ + 3PO43- → Ag3PO4 - Net ionic equation: 3Ag+ + 3PO43- → Ag3PO4

Task 6: Balancing Equations and Naming Products

1. HNO3 (conc) + Ca → Ca3(PO4)2 + H2SO4 - Balanced equation: 3HNO3 + Ca → Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 - Products: Calcium phosphate and sulfuric acid.

2. NH4OH + H2SO4 → AgNO3 + HCl - Balanced equation: NH4OH + H2SO4 → AgNO3 + HCl - Products: Silver nitrate and hydrochloric acid.

Please let me know if you need any further assistance!