Question

Який об’єм амоніаку (м3 ) потрібен для добування 340 кг нітратної кислоти, якщо вихід продукту на першій стадії становить 85 %, на другій – 92 %, на третій – 98 %? О​

Answer 1

Объяснение:

У промисловості нітратну кислоту добувають так (процес багатостадійний):

3 Н2 + N2 = 2 NH3

2 NH3 + 5O2 = 2 NO + 6H2O

2 NO + O2 = 2 NO2

4 NO2+ O2 + H2O = 4 HNO3

Задля спрощення розрахунків складемо стехіометричну схему:

N2 → 2NH3→ 2NO → 2NO2→ 2HNO3

Для розрахунку об’єму азоту слід використати теоретичну масу HNO3, яку розраховуємо за формулою:

ηсумарна= mпракт/mтеорет

mтеорет= mпракт/ ηсумарна

ηсумарна= η1∙ η2∙ η3=(1-0,75) ∙(1-0,10) ∙(1-0,25)=0,25∙0,90∙0,75=0,168;

Answer 2

Calculating the Volume of Ammonia Needed for Nitric Acid Production

To calculate the volume of ammonia needed for the production of 340 kg of nitric acid, we can use the following information: - The yield of the product at each stage: 85% on the first stage, 92% on the second stage, and 98% on the third stage.

First, we need to determine the amount of nitric acid that can be obtained from 340 kg of nitric acid at each stage.

Calculating the Amount of Nitric Acid at Each Stage

The amount of nitric acid obtained at each stage can be calculated as follows:

1. First Stage: - Amount of nitric acid obtained = 340 kg * (yield at the first stage) - Amount of nitric acid obtained at the first stage = 340 kg * 0.85

2. Second Stage: - Amount of nitric acid obtained = (Amount of nitric acid from the first stage) * (yield at the second stage) - Amount of nitric acid obtained at the second stage = (340 kg * 0.85) * 0.92

3. Third Stage: - Amount of nitric acid obtained = (Amount of nitric acid from the second stage) * (yield at the third stage) - Amount of nitric acid obtained at the third stage = ((340 kg * 0.85) * 0.92) * 0.98

Now that we have the amount of nitric acid obtained at each stage, we can proceed to calculate the volume of ammonia needed for the production.

Calculating the Volume of Ammonia

The balanced chemical equation for the production of nitric acid from ammonia is:

4 NH3 + 5 O2 + 2 H2O → 4 HNO3 + 2 H2O

From the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 4 moles of ammonia (NH3) are required to produce 4 moles of nitric acid (HNO3).

Given that the molar volume of any gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is approximately 22.4 L/mol, we can use this information to calculate the volume of ammonia needed.

Calculation:

- Molar ratio of NH3 to HNO3 = 4:4 = 1:1 - Volume of ammonia needed = (Amount of nitric acid obtained at the third stage in moles) * (Molar volume of ammonia at STP)

After performing the necessary calculations, the volume of ammonia needed for the production of 340 kg of nitric acid can be determined.