Question

Известно что цифры 0,1,2,3... Которые мы используем в вычислениях называют арабскими но придумали их не арабы кто придумал эти цифры? Почему цифры0,1,2,3... Называют арабскими?

Answer 1

Исторически они придуманы в Индии, но в Западную Европу пришли от арабов, так и пошло.

Answer 2

Origins of the Arabic Numerals

The numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on, which we commonly use in calculations, are known as Arabic numerals. However, they were not actually invented by the Arabs. The origins of these numerals can be traced back to ancient India. The Indian mathematicians developed a numerical system known as the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, which included the concept of zero and a place-value system. This numeral system was later adopted and spread to the Arab world, where it was further developed and popularized.

Adoption and Development by the Arabs

During the Islamic Golden Age, which lasted from the 8th to the 14th centuries, Arab scholars made significant contributions to various fields, including mathematics. They encountered the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and recognized its advantages over other numeral systems, such as the Roman numerals. The Arab mathematicians played a crucial role in promoting and refining the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.

One of the most influential Arab mathematicians was Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, who lived during the 9th century. Al-Khwarizmi wrote a book called "Kitab al-Jabr wa al-Muqabala," which introduced the Hindu-Arabic numeral system to the Arab world. This book also laid the foundation for algebra and provided systematic methods for solving linear and quadratic equations.

Spread and Global Adoption

The Hindu-Arabic numeral system, including the concept of zero and the place-value system, gradually spread from the Arab world to other regions. It reached Europe during the Middle Ages through various channels, including trade and the translation of Arabic mathematical texts. European mathematicians recognized the superiority of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system and began using it extensively.

The widespread adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in Europe played a crucial role in the development of modern mathematics and the advancement of science and commerce. It simplified calculations, enabled more efficient record-keeping, and facilitated the development of new mathematical concepts and techniques.

Conclusion

In summary, the numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on, which we commonly use in calculations, are known as Arabic numerals. However, they were originally developed by ancient Indian mathematicians as part of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The Arab scholars played a significant role in promoting and refining this numeral system during the Islamic Golden Age. The Hindu-Arabic numeral system, including the concept of zero and the place-value system, eventually spread globally and became the foundation of modern mathematics.