Question

. Указать степень окисления азота в веществах: Mg(NO3)2, NO2, NH4 NO3 2. Осуществить превращения: NO→NО2 →HNО3→Са(NO3)2 Для уравнения №1 составить электронный баланс 3. К 2.4 г магния прибавили 12 г серной кислоты. Найти объем выделившегося водорода.

Answer 1

Oxidation States of Nitrogen in the Given Substances:

- Mg(NO3)2: The oxidation state of nitrogen in Mg(NO3)2 is +5. [[1]] - NO2: The oxidation state of nitrogen in NO2 is +4. [[2]] - NH4NO3: The oxidation state of nitrogen in NH4NO3 is +5. [[3]]

Transformations:

1. NO → NO2: The transformation of NO to NO2 involves an increase in the oxidation state of nitrogen from +2 to +4. This transformation can occur through the addition of oxygen or by reaction with other oxidizing agents. [[4]] 2. NO2 → HNO3: The transformation of NO2 to HNO3 involves an increase in the oxidation state of nitrogen from +4 to +5. This transformation can occur through the reaction of NO2 with water and oxygen. [[5]] 3. HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2: The transformation of HNO3 to Ca(NO3)2 involves the replacement of a hydrogen ion with a calcium ion, resulting in no change in the oxidation state of nitrogen. [[6]]

Electron Balance for Equation #1:

To balance the equation for the transformation NO → NO2, we need to ensure that the number of electrons gained by the oxidizing agent is equal to the number of electrons lost by the reducing agent. In this case, the reducing agent is NO and the oxidizing agent is NO2.

The balanced equation for the transformation NO → NO2 is:

2NO + O2 → 2NO2

In this equation, each NO molecule loses one electron, while each O2 molecule gains four electrons. Therefore, the electron balance is maintained.

Calculation of Hydrogen Gas Volume:

To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced when 2.4 g of magnesium reacts with 12 g of sulfuric acid (H2SO4), we need to use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation.

The balanced equation for the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid is:

Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of magnesium reacts with 1 mole of sulfuric acid to produce 1 mole of hydrogen gas. The molar mass of magnesium is 24.31 g/mol, and the molar mass of sulfuric acid is 98.09 g/mol.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of magnesium and sulfuric acid:

Number of moles of magnesium = mass of magnesium / molar mass of magnesium Number of moles of sulfuric acid = mass of sulfuric acid / molar mass of sulfuric acid

Next, we compare the mole ratio between magnesium and hydrogen gas:

Number of moles of hydrogen gas = Number of moles of magnesium

Finally, we can calculate the volume of hydrogen gas using the ideal gas law:

Volume of hydrogen gas = Number of moles of hydrogen gas * molar volume of gas at STP

The molar volume of gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol.

Please provide the masses of magnesium and sulfuric acid so that I can perform the calculations for you.