Question

определите степени окисления N2 AlCL3 (алюминий хлор 3) HI MgCO3 KClO3 расставьте коэфиценты, определите типы химических реакций, укажите окислительно-восстановительные: а)Zn + H2SO4 - ZnSO4+H2 Б) HgO - 2Hg+O2 в) Na2O+SO3 - Na2SO3 в окислительно восстановительных реакциях укажите окислитель и восстановитель

Answer 1

a) Zn + H2SO4 - ZnSO4+H2

 0               +2

Zn - 2e     Zn  | 2| 1| востановитель

+1              0

H +1e       H    |1| 2| окислитель

 

Б) 2HgO - 2Hg+ O2
 +2             0

Hg +2 e  Hg  |2|     окислитель

 -2             0         |2|

O  -2e      O    |2|     востановитель

 

в) Na2O+SO3 - Na2SO3 

+6        +4

S +2e  S   окислитель

 

Answer 2

Oxidation States and Types of Chemical Reactions

Let's determine the oxidation states of the given compounds and then identify the types of chemical reactions they undergo. We will also identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in the given reactions.

1. N2 (Nitrogen): Nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule (N2) and has an oxidation state of 0 since it is in its elemental form.

2. AlCl3 (Aluminum Chloride): Aluminum (Al) has an oxidation state of +3, and chlorine (Cl) has an oxidation state of -1. Therefore, the oxidation state of AlCl3 is +3 for aluminum and -1 for each chlorine atom.

3. HI (Hydrogen Iodide): Hydrogen (H) has an oxidation state of +1, and iodine (I) has an oxidation state of -1. Therefore, the oxidation state of HI is +1 for hydrogen and -1 for iodine.

4. MgCO3 (Magnesium Carbonate): Magnesium (Mg) has an oxidation state of +2, and oxygen (O) has an oxidation state of -2. Carbon (C) has an oxidation state of +4 in this compound. Therefore, the oxidation state of MgCO3 is +2 for magnesium, +4 for carbon, and -2 for each oxygen atom.

5. KClO3 (Potassium Chlorate): Potassium (K) has an oxidation state of +1, and chlorine (Cl) has an oxidation state of -1. Oxygen (O) has an oxidation state of -2. Therefore, the oxidation state of KClO3 is +1 for potassium, -1 for chlorine, and -2 for each oxygen atom.

Now, let's analyze the given reactions:

a) Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 - This is a redox reaction (oxidation-reduction reaction). - Zinc (Zn) is oxidized from an oxidation state of 0 to +2 in ZnSO4. - Hydrogen (H) is reduced from an oxidation state of +1 to 0 in H2. - The oxidizing agent is H2SO4, which causes the oxidation of Zn. - The reducing agent is Zn, which causes the reduction of H+ ions in H2SO4.

b) HgO → 2Hg + O2 - This is a decomposition reaction. - Mercury (Hg) in HgO is reduced from an oxidation state of +2 to 0 in Hg. - Oxygen (O) in HgO is oxidized from an oxidation state of -2 to 0 in O2. - The oxidizing agent is HgO, which causes the oxidation of oxygen. - The reducing agent is HgO, which causes the reduction of mercury.

c) Na2O + SO3 → Na2SO3 - This is a combination reaction. - Sodium (Na) in Na2O is reduced from an oxidation state of +1 to 0 in Na2SO3. - Sulfur (S) in SO3 is oxidized from an oxidation state of +6 to +4 in Na2SO3. - The oxidizing agent is Na2O, which causes the oxidation of sulfur. - The reducing agent is Na2O, which causes the reduction of sodium.

Please let me know if you have any further questions!