Question

1из этана получить хлорэтан 2из этанола получить хлорэтан 3изхлорэтана получить этанол 4из этаналя получить этанол 5из этанола получить этаналь 6из этанола получить этен 7из этена получить этанол 8из этена получить этан 9из этана получить этен 10из этена получить этин 11из этина получитьэтен 12из этина получить этан 13из этана получить этин 14из этаналя получить этановую кислоту 15из этановой кислоты получить хлороэтановую кислоту 16из хлороэтановой кислоты получить аминовую кислоту 17из этена получить хлорэтан 18из хлорэтана получить этен

Answer 1

1) CH3-CH3 +Cl2 -> (свет) CH3-CH2-Cl + HCl

2) CH3-CH2-OH + HCl -> CH3-CH2- Cl +H2O

3) СH3-CH2-Cl + KOH (водный р-р.) -> CH3-CH2-OH +KCl

4) CH3-C=O + H2 -> (Ni) CH3-CH2-OH

           |

           H 

5) CH3-CH2-OH -> ( [O] KMnO4) CH3-C=O

                                                        |

                                                       H

6) CH3-CH2-OH -> (H2SO4(к.) t<140град) CH2=CH2 

7)CH2=CH2 + HOH -> (H2SO4 (к)) CH3-CH2-OH

8) CH2=CH2 + H2 -> (Ni t) CH3-CH3 

9) CH3-CH3 -> (Ni t) CH2=CH2

10) CH2=CH2 ->(Ni t) H2 + CHтройная связьСH

11)CHтройная связьСH + H2 ->(Ni t) CH2=CH2

12)CHтройная связьСH + H2 ->(Ni t) CH2=CH2

     CH2=CH2+ H2 -> (Ni t) CH3-CH3

13)CH3-CH3 -> (Ni t) 2H2 + CHтройная связьСH

14) CH3-C=O + [Ag(NH3)2]OH -> (t) CH3-COOH + Ag↓ + NH3+ H2O

             |

             H

15)CH3-COOH + Cl2 -> ( P красный) CH2 - COOH + HCL

                                                       |

                                                       Cl

16)

17) CH2=CH2 + H2 -> (Ni t) CH3-CH3 

      CH3-CH3 +Cl2 -> (свет) CH3-CH2-Cl + HCl

18) CH3-CH2-Cl + KOH (спирт. р-р) -> CH2=CH2

 

в решении не уверена, надеюсь поможет))

Answer 2

Conversion Reactions:

1. To obtain chloroethane from ethane: - The reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in ethane with a chlorine atom. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). - The reaction equation is as follows: C2H6 + Cl2 → C2H5Cl + HCl [[1]].

2. To obtain chloroethane from ethanol: - The reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group (-OH) in ethanol with a chlorine atom. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl), and heat. - The reaction equation is as follows: C2H5OH + HCl → C2H5Cl + H2O [[2]].

3. To obtain ethanol from chloroethane: - The reaction involves the substitution of a chlorine atom in chloroethane with a hydroxyl group (-OH). - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and heat. - The reaction equation is as follows: C2H5Cl + NaOH → C2H5OH + NaCl [[3]].

4. To obtain ethanol from ethanal: - The reaction involves the reduction of ethanal, also known as acetaldehyde, to ethanol. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a reducing agent, such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CHO + H2 → CH3CH2OH [[4]].

5. To obtain ethanal from ethanol: - The reaction involves the oxidation of ethanol to ethanal. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of an oxidizing agent, such as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) or pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CH2OH + [O] → CH3CHO + H2O [[5]].

6. To obtain ethene from ethanol: - The reaction involves the dehydration of ethanol, where water is removed to form ethene. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a dehydrating agent, such as concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CH2OH → CH2=CH2 + H2O [[6]].

7. To obtain ethanol from ethene: - The reaction involves the addition of water to ethene, resulting in the formation of ethanol. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH2=CH2 + H2O → CH3CH2OH [[7]].

8. To obtain ethane from ethene: - The reaction involves the hydrogenation of ethene, where hydrogen is added to the double bond to form ethane. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as platinum (Pt) or palladium (Pd). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH2=CH2 + H2 → CH3CH3 [[8]].

9. To obtain ethene from ethane: - The reaction involves the dehydrogenation of ethane, where a hydrogen atom is removed from ethane to form ethene. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as platinum (Pt) or chromium oxide (Cr2O3). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CH3 → CH2=CH2 + H2 [[9]].

10. To obtain ethyne (acetylene) from ethene: - The reaction involves the elimination of two hydrogen atoms from ethene to form ethyne. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as silver (Ag) or copper (Cu). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH2=CH2 → HC≡CH [[10]].

11. To obtain ethene from ethyne: - The reaction involves the addition of hydrogen to the triple bond of ethyne, resulting in the formation of ethene. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt). - The reaction equation is as follows: HC≡CH + H2 → CH2=CH2 [[11]].

12. To obtain ethane from ethyne: - The reaction involves the hydrogenation of ethyne, where hydrogen is added to the triple bond to form ethane. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as palladium (Pd) or platinum (Pt). - The reaction equation is as follows: HC≡CH + 2H2 → CH3CH3 [[12]].

13. To obtain ethyne (acetylene) from ethane: - The reaction involves the elimination of two hydrogen atoms from ethane to form ethyne. - The reaction is typically carried out at high temperatures or in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CH3 → HC≡CH + H2 [[13]].

14. To obtain ethanoic acid (acetic acid) from ethanal: - The reaction involves the oxidation of ethanal to ethanoic acid. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of an oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CHO + [O] → CH3COOH [[14]].

15. To obtain chloroethanoic acid from ethanoic acid: - The reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group (-OH) in ethanoic acid with a chlorine atom. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a strong acid, such as thionyl chloride (SOCl2) or phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3COOH + SOCl2 → CH2ClCOOH + SO2 + HCl [[15]].

16. To obtain amino acid from chloroethanoic acid: - The reaction involves the substitution of a chlorine atom in chloroethanoic acid with an amino group (-NH2). - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a base, such as ammonia (NH3) or an amine. - The reaction equation is as follows: CH2ClCOOH + NH3 → CH2(NH2)COOH + HCl [[16]].

17. To obtain chloroethane from ethene: - The reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in ethene with a chlorine atom. - The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a catalyst, such as aluminum chloride (AlCl3) or iron(III) chloride (FeCl3). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH2=CH2 + Cl2 → CH2ClCH3 [[17]].

18. To obtain ethene from chloroethane: - The reaction involves the elimination of a hydrogen atom and a chlorine atom from chloroethane to form ethene. - The reaction is typically carried out at high temperatures or in the presence of a base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). - The reaction equation is as follows: CH3CH2Cl → CH2=CH2 + HCl [[18]].

Please note that these reactions are simplified representations and may involve additional steps or variations depending on the specific reaction conditions and catalysts used.