Question

объяснить использование хлора для образования воды и оцените преимущества и недостатки данного процесса​

Answer 1

Объяснение:

Cl2 — сильный окислитель.

Преимущества – обеззараживание воды, что делает её более благоприятной для употребления в организм. Очистка при помощи окисления и последующего фильтрование продукта распада. Не дорогой способ очистки воды, значительная степень обеззараживания.

Недостатки – Cl2 + H2O —> HCLO + HCl => применение « хлорной воды » является вредным для здоровья при передозировке ( раздражение слизистой оболочки, возможно развитие заболеваний при попадании на кожу ). Важны чёткие расчёты.

Процесс называется – «Хлорирование».

Answer 2

Using Chlorine for Water Disinfection

Chlorine is commonly used for water disinfection due to its effectiveness in killing harmful microorganisms and preventing the spread of waterborne diseases. The process of using chlorine to treat water involves adding a controlled amount of chlorine to the water supply to eliminate bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.

Chlorine can be added to water in different forms, such as chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, or calcium hypochlorite. These forms of chlorine release hypochlorous acid, which is the active disinfectant that kills microorganisms in water.

Advantages of Chlorine Water Disinfection

1. Effective Disinfection: Chlorine is highly effective in killing a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. It can effectively destroy harmful pathogens that can cause waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery.

2. Residual Protection: Chlorine can provide residual protection by maintaining a low level of chlorine in the water distribution system. This residual chlorine helps prevent the regrowth of microorganisms and provides ongoing disinfection as the water travels through the distribution network.

3. Easy to Use: Chlorine is relatively easy to use and can be added to water in different forms depending on the specific requirements. It can be added in gas form, liquid form, or as solid tablets or granules.

4. Cost-Effective: Chlorine is a cost-effective method of water disinfection compared to other alternatives. It is readily available and relatively inexpensive, making it a practical choice for large-scale water treatment.

Disadvantages of Chlorine Water Disinfection

1. Formation of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs): One of the main concerns with chlorine disinfection is the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). When chlorine reacts with organic matter in water, it can produce DBPs such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Some DBPs have been associated with potential health risks, including an increased risk of cancer and reproductive issues.

2. Taste and Odor: Chlorine can impart a noticeable taste and odor to the water, which some people find unpleasant. While the taste and odor can be reduced by allowing the water to sit exposed to air or by using activated carbon filters, it may still be a concern for some individuals.

3. Chemical Handling and Safety: Chlorine gas, in particular, requires careful handling and safety precautions due to its toxic nature. Proper training and equipment are necessary to ensure the safe handling and storage of chlorine gas or other chlorine compounds.

4. Environmental Impact: The discharge of chlorinated water into the environment can have adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. Chlorine can be toxic to aquatic life, and the release of chlorinated water should be carefully managed to minimize environmental impact.

It's important to note that while chlorine is widely used for water disinfection, there are alternative methods available, such as ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and ozonation, which can address some of the disadvantages associated with chlorine disinfection.