Question

5. При яких умовах відбувається реакція заміщення у алканів?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Під час взаємодії з хлором і бромом ( за умови освітлення або нагрівання)

Answer 2

Объяснение:

за умови освітлення або нагрівання

Answer 3

Conditions for Substitution Reaction in Alkanes

Substitution reactions in alkanes occur under specific conditions. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are known for their relatively low reactivity due to the presence of strong carbon-carbon (C-C) and carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds. However, under certain conditions, alkanes can undergo substitution reactions.

Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane molecule with another atom or group of atoms. The most common type of substitution reaction in alkanes is the halogenation reaction, where a halogen atom (such as chlorine or bromine) replaces a hydrogen atom in the alkane molecule.

The conditions required for the substitution reaction in alkanes are as follows:

1. Presence of a halogen: The reaction requires the presence of a halogen, such as chlorine (Cl2) or bromine (Br2). The halogen acts as the substituting agent.

2. UV light or heat: The reaction is usually initiated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light or heat. This provides the necessary energy to break the relatively strong C-H bonds in alkanes and initiate the substitution reaction.

3. Inert solvent: The reaction is often carried out in an inert solvent, such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or chloroform (CHCl3). The solvent helps dissolve the reactants and provides a medium for the reaction to occur.

4. Presence of a radical initiator: In some cases, a radical initiator, such as a peroxide compound (e.g., benzoyl peroxide), is added to the reaction mixture. The radical initiator generates free radicals, which participate in the reaction and facilitate the substitution process.

Overall, the conditions for the substitution reaction in alkanes involve the presence of a halogen, exposure to UV light or heat, an inert solvent, and sometimes a radical initiator.

Please note that the specific conditions may vary depending on the reaction and the desired products. It is always important to refer to reliable sources and experimental procedures for detailed information on specific substitution reactions in alkanes.